Chapter 13 Flashcards
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system
Deliver oxygen Deliver nutrients Remove carbon dioxide Remove waste products Create pressure gradient
What are the 4 chambers of the heart
Right and left atria
Right and left ventricles
What are the 4 valves in the heart and where are they located
Tricuspid valve - Right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonic valve - Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Bicuspid valve - Left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic valve - Left ventricle and aorta
What causes valves to open
Pressure differences
“Proximal” side exceeds “distal” side
What is the pathway of blood flow from the vena cava to the right ventricle
Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
What is the pathway of blood flow from the right ventricle to the left atrium
Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary valve Left atrium
What is the pathway of blood flow from the left atrium to the aorta
Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta
Which artery carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery
What three ions play a role in an action potential of a cardiac pacemaker cell
sodium
potassium
calcium
What ion is responsible for membrane potential drift
sodium
What protein causes an increase in the activity of the Ca2+-ATPase pump
Phospholamban
What is the effect on increased activity of the Ca2+ ATPase pump
Increased contractility
What ions play a role in an action potential of a cardiac myocyte
sodium
potassium
calcium
What ion causes depolarization of a cardiac myocyte
Sodium
What is the firing rate of the SA node
60 - 100 per minute
What is the true pacemaker of the heart
SA node
What is occurring during the P-wave
Atrial depolarization
What is occurring during the QRS complex
Ventricular depolarizaion
Atrial repolarization
What is occurring during the T-wave
Ventricular repolarization
What is occurring when the ventricles during diastole
Relaxation
Filling with blood
Why don’t the atria and ventricles contract at the same time
The atria are filling the ventricles
We want the ventricles to be filled as much as possible, so we can transport blood efficiently
What is stroke volume
The amount of blood leaving the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle
End disatolic volume - end systolic volume
What is ejection fraction
The percentage of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle
What is cardiac ouptut
Stroke volume x heart rate
What causes the first heart sound
A-V valves closing
During isovolumetric contraction/relaxation which valves are open
None of them
Increasing preload does what to stroke volume
Increases it
Decreasing afterload does what to stroke volume
Increases it
What generates systolic pressure
Left ventricular contraction
What generates diastolic pressure
Elastic recoil of arteries
What does SNS activity due to the SA node
Increases SA node firing by increasing sodium permeability (Epi/Norepi)
What does PNS activity due to the SA node
Decreases SA node firing by increasing potassium permeability (Acetylcholine)
