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PE 220 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system

A 
Deliver oxygen 
Deliver nutrients
Remove carbon dioxide
Remove waste products
Create pressure gradient
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3
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Right and left atria

Right and left ventricles

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4
Q

What are the 4 valves in the heart and where are they located

A

Tricuspid valve - Right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonic valve - Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Bicuspid valve - Left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic valve - Left ventricle and aorta

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5
Q

What causes valves to open

A

Pressure differences

“Proximal” side exceeds “distal” side

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6
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow from the vena cava to the right ventricle

A

Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle

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7
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow from the right ventricle to the left atrium

A 
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary valve
Left atrium
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8
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow from the left atrium to the aorta

A 
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
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9
Q

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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10
Q

What three ions play a role in an action potential of a cardiac pacemaker cell

A

sodium
potassium
calcium

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11
Q

What ion is responsible for membrane potential drift

A

sodium

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12
Q

What protein causes an increase in the activity of the Ca2+-ATPase pump

A

Phospholamban

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13
Q

What is the effect on increased activity of the Ca2+ ATPase pump

A

Increased contractility

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14
Q

What ions play a role in an action potential of a cardiac myocyte

A

sodium
potassium
calcium

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15
Q

What ion causes depolarization of a cardiac myocyte

A

Sodium

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16
Q

What is the firing rate of the SA node

A

60 - 100 per minute

17
Q

What is the true pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

18
Q

What is occurring during the P-wave

A

Atrial depolarization

19
Q

What is occurring during the QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarizaion

Atrial repolarization

20
Q

What is occurring during the T-wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

21
Q

What is occurring when the ventricles during diastole

A

Relaxation

Filling with blood

22
Q

Why don’t the atria and ventricles contract at the same time

A

The atria are filling the ventricles

We want the ventricles to be filled as much as possible, so we can transport blood efficiently

23
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The amount of blood leaving the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle
End disatolic volume - end systolic volume

24
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

The percentage of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle

25
Q

What is cardiac ouptut

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

26
Q

What causes the first heart sound

A

A-V valves closing

27
Q

During isovolumetric contraction/relaxation which valves are open

A

None of them

28
Q

Increasing preload does what to stroke volume

A

Increases it

29
Q

Decreasing afterload does what to stroke volume

A

Increases it

30
Q

What generates systolic pressure

A

Left ventricular contraction

31
Q

What generates diastolic pressure

A

Elastic recoil of arteries

32
Q

What does SNS activity due to the SA node

A

Increases SA node firing by increasing sodium permeability (Epi/Norepi)

33
Q

What does PNS activity due to the SA node

A

Decreases SA node firing by increasing potassium permeability (Acetylcholine)

PE 220 (17 decks)

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