Chapter 17 Flashcards
What is Dalton’s Law?
Pressure exerted by each component in a gaseous mixture is independent of other gases in the mixture
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + .. + Pn
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli (PAO2 and PACO2)
PAO2 = 100 mm Hg PACO2 = 40 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arteries (PaO2 and PaCO2)
PaO2 = 100 mm Hg PaCO2 = 40 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the veins (PvO2 and PvCO2)
PvO2 = 40mm Hg PvCO2 = 46 mm Hg
What are the main factors that affect alveolar partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The PO2 and PCO2 of the inspired air
Rate of alveolar ventilation
Rate of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
What is hyperpnea
An increase in ventilation to meet metabolic demand
What is hyperventilation
An increase in ventilation beyond what is needed for metabolic demand
What is hypoxia
Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
What is tachypnea
Rapid, shallow breathing
How is oxygen transported in the blood
Bound to hemoglobin (97%)
Dissolved in plasma (3%)
What shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
Increased acidity (↓ pH)
Increased carbon dioxide
Increased temperature
Increased 2,3 DPG
What does it mean when we have a left shift
The affinity for oxygen and hemoglobin increases
How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood
As bicarbonate (Majority)
Dissolved in plasma
Bound to hemoglobin
What enzyme is involved with the process of turning carbon dioxide into carbonic acid
Carbonic anhydrase
What are the central chemoreceptors located
Medulla
