Chapter 18 Test Flashcards
Most chemical reactions involve what type of cleavage?
heterolytic
Which acid contains the most electronegative halogen?
hydrofluoric acid
Which of the following is most acidic?
Which of the following substances contain an ionic bond?
SrCl2
Which acid contains the most electronegative halogen?
Hydrofluoric acid
Of all chemical reactions, about 90% involve what type of bond cleavage?
Heterolytic
The inductive effect can best be described as the amount of electron density withdrawn from the atom bonded to ____________.
Hydrogen
Which of the following chloroxoacids has the highest polarization of the O–H bond?
HClO4
Which of the following is true about carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acid is more acidic than an alcohol.
Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance?
Resonance structures are different molecules of the same compound.
Which of the following is used to explain why acetic acid is more acidic than alcohols?
Resonance effect
Which of the following is the least acidic in solution?
Which acid/anion pair demonstrates correct nomenclature?
chlorous acid/chlorite ion
Considering hybridization effects, which of these organic compounds must be the strongest acid?
The alkyne
Given the following reaction:
CH3NH2(aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3^+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Which species is the conjugate acid of methylamine?
CH3NH3+
Which of the following is the strongest acid:
nitrillium
Nucleophilic substitution reactions involving two molecules in the rate determining step form an important class of reactions in organic chemistry. Many of these reactions are faster in polar solvents that do not contain −OH or −NH groups (called protic solvents). This is because
aprotic solvents solvate the cations.
Which of the following base / conjugate acid pairs is incorrect?
methane / CH4+
The dissociation of an acid or base can be graphically represented. Choose the graph that would best represent the behavior of CH3COOH in aqueous solution.
What happens when a bond is broken heterolytically?
One atom gets a pair of electrons.
What must happen for carbon dioxide (CO2) to act as a Lewis acid?
A C—O bond must be broken.
What occurs when Lewis acids interact with potential Brønsted-Lowry acids?
The Brønsted-Lowry acids become more acidic.
Refer to the potential energy diagram below. Which of the following statements concerning this reaction is TRUE?
This reaction is reversible.
Which of the following alkyl halides is the most reactive in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?
Methyl iodide
In the addition reaction shown below:
The intermediate carbocation (not shown here) can react with:
All of these are possibilities.
