Chapter 18 Test

Question 1

Most chemical reactions involve what type of cleavage?

Answer 1

heterolytic

Question 2

Which acid contains the most electronegative halogen?

Answer 2

hydrofluoric acid

Question 3

Which of the following is most acidic?

Answer 3

Question 4

Which of the following substances contain an ionic bond?

Answer 4

SrCl2

Question 5

Which acid contains the most electronegative halogen?

Answer 5

Hydrofluoric acid

Question 6

Of all chemical reactions, about 90% involve what type of bond cleavage?

Answer 6

Heterolytic

Question 7

The inductive effect can best be described as the amount of electron density withdrawn from the atom bonded to ____________.

Answer 7

Hydrogen

Question 8

Which of the following chloroxoacids has the highest polarization of the O–H bond?

Answer 8

HClO4

Question 9

Which of the following is true about carboxylic acids?

Answer 9

Carboxylic acid is more acidic than an alcohol.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance?

Answer 10

Resonance structures are different molecules of the same compound.

Question 11

Which of the following is used to explain why acetic acid is more acidic than alcohols?

Answer 11

Resonance effect

Question 12

Which of the following is the least acidic in solution?

Answer 12

Question 13

Which acid/anion pair demonstrates correct nomenclature?

Answer 13

chlorous acid/chlorite ion

Question 14

Considering hybridization effects, which of these organic compounds must be the strongest acid?

Answer 14

The alkyne

Question 15

Given the following reaction:

CH3NH2(aq) + H2O(l) CH3NH3^+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Which species is the conjugate acid of methylamine?

Answer 15

CH3NH3+

Question 16

Which of the following is the strongest acid:

Answer 16

nitrillium

Question 17

Nucleophilic substitution reactions involving two molecules in the rate determining step form an important class of reactions in organic chemistry. Many of these reactions are faster in polar solvents that do not contain −OH or −NH groups (called protic solvents). This is because

Answer 17

aprotic solvents solvate the cations.

Question 18

Which of the following base / conjugate acid pairs is incorrect?

Answer 18

methane / CH4+

Question 19

The dissociation of an acid or base can be graphically represented. Choose the graph that would best represent the behavior of CH3COOH in aqueous solution.

Answer 19

Question 20

What happens when a bond is broken heterolytically?

Answer 20

One atom gets a pair of electrons.

Question 21

What must happen for carbon dioxide (CO2) to act as a Lewis acid?

Answer 21

A C—O bond must be broken.

Question 22

What occurs when Lewis acids interact with potential Brønsted-Lowry acids?

Answer 22

The Brønsted-Lowry acids become more acidic.

Question 23

Refer to the potential energy diagram below. Which of the following statements concerning this reaction is TRUE?

Answer 23

This reaction is reversible.

Question 24

Which of the following alkyl halides is the most reactive in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Answer 24

Methyl iodide

Question 25

In the addition reaction shown below:

The intermediate carbocation (not shown here) can react with:

Answer 25

All of these are possibilities.