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Human Phys- Med Terms > Chapter 18 stuff > Flashcards

Chapter 18 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  • central portion of the brain

- secretes melatonin

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2
Q

Melatonin

A
  • secreted by pineal gland

- supports biological clock, induces sleep

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3
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • right and left lobe on either side of the trachea
  • below thyroid cartilage
  • secretes thyroxin, tertaiodothryonine (T4), triiodothytonine (T3), Calcitonin
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4
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A
  • four small oval bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland
  • secrete parathyroid hormone
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5
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

(Adrenal Glands located on top of each kidney)

  • outer portion
  • secretes steroids, corticosteroids
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6
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

(Adrenal glands located on top of each kidney)

  • inner portion
  • secretes catecholamines
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7
Q

Pancreas

A
  • near and partly behind the stomach, in region of first and second lumbar vertebrae
  • consists of hormone producing cells “islets of langerhans”
  • secretes insulin and glucagon
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8
Q 
Pituitary Gland (hypophysis)
-anterior lobe
A
  • pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
  • growth hormone (somatotropin)
  • Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenocorticotropin)
  • Gonadotropic hormones (FSH/LH)
  • Prolactin
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9
Q

Pituitary Gland

-posterior lobe

A
  • pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Oxytocin
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10
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Two small glands located in the lower abdominal region of the female
  • estrogen, progesterone
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11
Q

Testes

A
  • Two small ovoid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male
  • testosterone
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12
Q

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

A
  • secreted by adrenal medulla
  • Increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic)
  • “fight or flight” reaction
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13
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates adrenal cortex

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A
  • secreted by adrenal cortex

- increases salt reabsorption

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15
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by testes

-testosterone

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16
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

secreted by posterior pituitary

-increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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17
Q

Calcitonin

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland

-decreases blood calcium elvels

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18
Q

Cortisol

A
  • secreted by adrenal cortex
  • increases blood sugar
  • secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect
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19
Q

estradiol

A

Secreted by ovaries

-estrogen

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20
Q

estrogen

A

Secreted by ovaries

-estradiol and estrone

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21
Q

Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by testes

22
Q

Glucagon

A

secreted by the pancreas (alpha islets)

-increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

23
Q

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

24
Q

Insulin

A

Secreted by the pancreas (beta islets)

-helps glucose to pass into cells, promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

25
Q

Luteinizing Hormon

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

26
Q

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

Secreted by adrenal medulla

-increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)

27
Q

Oxytocin

A

Secreted by posterior pituitary

-stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

28
Q

Parathormone

A

Secreted by parathyroid

-increases blood calcium

29
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by ovaries

-prepares uterus for pregnancy

30
Q

-prolactin

A

secreted by anterior pituitary

-promotes milk secretion

31
Q

Somatotropin

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-growth hormone

32
Q

Testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by testes

33
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-acts on thyroid gland to promote its functioning

34
Q

thryoxine (T4, tetraiodothyronine)

A

Secreted by thyroid gland

-increases metabolism in cells

35
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Secreted by thyroid gland

-increases metabolism in cells

36
Q

Vasopressin (ADH)

A

Secreted by posterior pituitary

-increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

37
Q

Catecholamines

A

Secreted by adrenal medulla

-hormones derived from an amino acid

38
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Produced by adrenal cortex

  • cortisol (raises sugar levels)
  • Aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys)
  • androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
39
Q

Electrolyte

A

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells
-potassium, sodium, calcium

40
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

Secreted by adrenal cortex

-regulates glucose, fat, protein metabolism

41
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

42
Q

Hormone

A

substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the good to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

43
Q

hypothalamus

A

Region of the brain lying slow the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
-secrets real easing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

44
Q

Mineralocorticoid

A

Secreted by adrenal cortex

  • regulates mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body
  • Aldosterone
45
Q

Receptor

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

46
Q

Sella turcica

A

Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

47
Q

Sex hormones

A

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics

48
Q

Steroid

A

complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made.

49
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

50
Q

Target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Human Phys- Med Terms (58 decks)

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