Chapter 18 stuff Flashcards
Pineal Gland
- central portion of the brain
- secretes melatonin
Melatonin
- secreted by pineal gland
- supports biological clock, induces sleep
Thyroid Gland
- right and left lobe on either side of the trachea
- below thyroid cartilage
- secretes thyroxin, tertaiodothryonine (T4), triiodothytonine (T3), Calcitonin
Parathyroid Gland
- four small oval bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland
- secrete parathyroid hormone
Adrenal Cortex
(Adrenal Glands located on top of each kidney)
- outer portion
- secretes steroids, corticosteroids
Adrenal Medulla
(Adrenal glands located on top of each kidney)
- inner portion
- secretes catecholamines
Pancreas
- near and partly behind the stomach, in region of first and second lumbar vertebrae
- consists of hormone producing cells “islets of langerhans”
- secretes insulin and glucagon
Pituitary Gland (hypophysis) -anterior lobe
- pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
- growth hormone (somatotropin)
- Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenocorticotropin)
- Gonadotropic hormones (FSH/LH)
- Prolactin
Pituitary Gland
-posterior lobe
- pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
- Antidiuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
Ovaries
- Two small glands located in the lower abdominal region of the female
- estrogen, progesterone
Testes
- Two small ovoid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male
- testosterone
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
- secreted by adrenal medulla
- Increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic)
- “fight or flight” reaction
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-stimulates adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
- secreted by adrenal cortex
- increases salt reabsorption
androgen
male hormone secreted by testes
-testosterone
Antidiuretic hormone
secreted by posterior pituitary
-increases reabsorption of water by the kidney
Calcitonin
Secreted by the thyroid gland
-decreases blood calcium elvels
Cortisol
- secreted by adrenal cortex
- increases blood sugar
- secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect
estradiol
Secreted by ovaries
-estrogen
estrogen
Secreted by ovaries
-estradiol and estrone
Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by testes
Glucagon
secreted by the pancreas (alpha islets)
-increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose
Growth hormone (somatotropin)
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue
Insulin
Secreted by the pancreas (beta islets)
-helps glucose to pass into cells, promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Luteinizing Hormon
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Secreted by adrenal medulla
-increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)
Oxytocin
Secreted by posterior pituitary
-stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth
Parathormone
Secreted by parathyroid
-increases blood calcium
Progesterone
Secreted by ovaries
-prepares uterus for pregnancy
-prolactin
secreted by anterior pituitary
-promotes milk secretion
Somatotropin
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-growth hormone
Testosterone
male hormone secreted by testes
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
Secreted by anterior pituitary
-acts on thyroid gland to promote its functioning
thryoxine (T4, tetraiodothyronine)
Secreted by thyroid gland
-increases metabolism in cells
triiodothyronine (T3)
Secreted by thyroid gland
-increases metabolism in cells
Vasopressin (ADH)
Secreted by posterior pituitary
-increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure
Catecholamines
Secreted by adrenal medulla
-hormones derived from an amino acid
Corticosteroids
Produced by adrenal cortex
- cortisol (raises sugar levels)
- Aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys)
- androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)
Electrolyte
Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells
-potassium, sodium, calcium
Glucocorticoid
Secreted by adrenal cortex
-regulates glucose, fat, protein metabolism
Homeostasis
Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
Hormone
substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the good to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
hypothalamus
Region of the brain lying slow the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
-secrets real easing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
Mineralocorticoid
Secreted by adrenal cortex
- regulates mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body
- Aldosterone
Receptor
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
Sella turcica
Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
Sex hormones
Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics
Steroid
complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made.
Sympathomimetic
Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.
Target tissue
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
