Chapter 15 Pathologies/Tests Flashcards
Ewing Sarcoma
Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children
Exostosis
Bon growth arising form the surface of bone
Fracture
Traumatic Breaking of a bone
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
Talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
gouty arthritis
Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
Osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
Bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe
Carpa tunnel syndrome
Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from its joint
Ganglion cyst
Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand
Herniation of an intervertebral disk
Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
Lyme disease
Disorder marked by arthritis myalgia and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick
Sprain
Trauma to igametns without ruptrue
Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart and lungs
Muscular dystrophy
Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
Polymyositis
Chronic inflammatory myopathy
Antinuclear antibody test
Detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
measure time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
rheumatoid factor test
Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
serum calcium
measurement of calcium level in serum
serum creatine kinase
measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
Uric acid test
Measurement of uric acid in serum
Arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
Arthrography
Taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
Arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera
bone density test
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and writs is used to measure bone mass
bone scan
uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone
computed tomography
x-ray beam and computer provide cross sectional and other iamges
diskography
x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intrevertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus puposus
electromyography
recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation
magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic field creates images of soft tissue
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
