Chapter 10&13 Pathologies Flashcards
Spina bifida
Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain
Alzheimer’s disease
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily function
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
Epilepsy
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
Huntington disease
Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
Multiple sclerosis
Destruction of the myelin sheath on neutrons in the CNS and it’s replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
Palsy
Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
Parkinson disease
Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
Tourette syndrome
Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Viral infecting affecting peripheral nerves
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges;
HIV
Brain disease and dementia occurring with aids
Brain tumor
Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
Cerebral concussion
Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head
Cerebral contusion
Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head
Cerebrovascular accident
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
Migraine
Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache
Anemia
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
Aplastic anemia
Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
Hemolytic anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
Pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes cussed by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
Sickle cell anemia
Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
Thalassemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
Hemochromatosis
Excess iron deposits throughout the body
Polycythemia Vera
General increase in red blood cells
Hemophilia
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors necessary for blood clotting
Purpura
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
Leukemia
Increase in cancerous white blood cells
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Immature granulocytes predominate
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Immature lymphocytes predominate
Granulocytosis
Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
Mononucleosis
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Multiple myeloma
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
