Chapter 16 Pathologies

Question 1

Crust

Answer 1

Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

-scab

Question 2

cyst

Answer 2

Thick-walled, closed sac or push containing fluid or semisolid material

Question 3

Erosion

Answer 3

Wearing away or loss of epidermis

Question 4

Fissure

Answer 4

Groove or crack like sore

Question 5

Macule

Answer 5

Flat lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter

-freckles, tattoo marks, flat moles

Question 6

Nodule

Answer 6

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter

-enlarged lymph node, solid growth

Question 7

Papule

Answer 7

Small (<1cm) solid elevation of the skin

-pimple

Question 8

Polyp

Answer 8

Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

Question 9

Pustule

Answer 9

Papule containing pus

-small abscess

Question 10

Ulcer

Answer 10

Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)
-Decubitus ulcers are bedsores

Question 11

Vesicle

Answer 11

Small collection of clear fluid

-blister

Question 12

Wheal

Answer 12

Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin

• seen in hives
• often accompanied by itching

Question 13

Alopecia

Answer 13

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

Question 14

Ecchymosis, ecchymoses

Answer 14

Bluish-purplish mark on the skin

-bruise

Question 15

Petechia, petechiae

Answer 15

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages

Question 16

Pruritus

Answer 16

Itching

Question 17

Acne

Answer 17

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum

Question 18

Burns

Answer 18

injury to tissues caused by heat contact

• 1st degree
  
  • superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, no blister
• 2nd degree
  
  • Epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
• 3rd degree
  
  • Epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue

Question 19

Cellulitis

Answer 19

Diffuse acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

Question 20

Eczema

Answer 20

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions

Question 21

Exanthematous viral diseases

Answer 21

Rash of the skin due to a coral infection

Question 22

Gangrene

Answer 22

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Question 23

Impetigo

Answer 23

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

Question 24

Psoriasis

Answer 24

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

Question 25

Scabies

Answer 25

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

Question 26

Sleroderma

Answer 26

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

Question 27

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 27

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

Question 28

tinea

Answer 28

infection of the skin caused by a fungus

Question 29

Urticaria (Hives)

Answer 29

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

Question 30

vitiligo

Answer 30

Loss of pigment in areas of the skin

Question 31

Callus

Answer 31

Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

Question 32

Keloid

Answer 32

Excess hypertrophied thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

Question 33

Keratosis

Answer 33

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage

Question 34

Leukoplakia

Answer 34

White thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 35

Nevus, nevi

Answer 35

Pigmented lesion of the skin

Question 36

Verruca, Verrucae

Answer 36

Epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

Question 37

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

Question 38

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 38

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

Question 39

Malignant melanoma

Answer 39

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

Question 40

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 40

Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

Question 41

Bacterial analyses

Answer 41

Samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

Question 42

Fungal tests

Answer 42

Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination

Question 43

Crysorugery

Answer 43

use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

Question 44

Curettage

Answer 44

use of a hear dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

Question 45

Electrodesiccation

Answer 45

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

Question 46

Mohs surgery

Answer 46

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection

Question 47

Skin biopsy

Answer 47

suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist

Question 48

Skin test

Answer 48

Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed