Chapter 18 - Immunologic Emergencies

Question 1

Protects the body from substances and organisms that are foreign to the body.

Answer 1

Immune system

Question 2

An exaggerated immune response.

Answer 2

Allergic reaction
immune system releases histamines and leukotrienes in response to stimulus (allergan)
Anaphylaxis is extreme allergic reaction that is life threatening and involves multiple organ systems
wheezing (high pitched, whistling breath sound) on expiration results from bronchospasm
urticaria is small areas of generalized itching or burning
hypotension results from hypovolumic shock
wheal, a defined raised, swollen area of the skin at site of insect bite

Question 3

Patient care in severe allergic reaction includes:

Answer 3

Position conscious patient in tripod position leaning forward
Initiate high flow oxygen (15 L/min) via nonrebreathing mask (assisted ventilation may be required)
Assess pulse
pale, cool, cyanotic or red, moist skin and delayed capillary refill indicate hypoperfusion
transport in shock position or trendelenberg position
maintain body temperature

Question 4

A sympathomimetic for use in allergy.

Answer 4

Epinehprine
causes vessels to constrict, cardiac contractility to increase, and relieve bronchospasm
consider local use of EpiPen
check expiration date
hold for 10 seconds