Chapter 18 Gegulation Of Gene Expression Flashcards
Three section of an operon
Genes, promoter, operator
How many types of operons are there and what are they
2, repressible, inducible
What is a regulatory gene
A gene that is responsible for creating the protein that attaches to the operator
Inducible operons must be
Turned on by a substance that is present
Repressible operons are always turned on until
There is to much a substance in a cell
What attaches to the operator
Repressor or activator
Inducible operons are always turned off until
There is too much of a substance present
Transcriptional, post transcriptional and post translational are types of
Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells
Types of transcriptional regulation
DNA coiling and transcriptional regulatory proteins
Types of post transcriptional regulation are
Alternative splicing , micro RNA regulation, mRNA breakdown and translation initiation
Types of post translational regulation
Protein activation and protein breakdown
How does DNA coiling effect expression
DNA can not be transcribed unless it is uncoiled
Methylation of of DNA causes
Condensing which makes transcription impossible
Tail acetylation causes what to happen
DNA to uncondense for replication and transcription
Activator proteins attach to DNA sequences called
Enhances
Repressor proteins bind to _______ to turn off DNA transcription
Silencers
Splicing and alternative spicing are a type of
Post transcriptional regulation
Micro RNA are
Small fragments of non protein coding RNA
Micro RNA regulates expression by
Blocking translation and triggering degradation
Post translational expression has to do with the activation and breakdown of
Protein
Types of protein modification
Addition of fictional groups and the cleavage of protein
Where are the main places proteins are modified
ER and Goldie
Protein cleavage is
The slicing and folding of peptides to activate or change proteins
Tumor suppressor genes
Genes who’s product normally help to inhibit cell division
