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Biology > Chap 17 Transcription, Translation, > Flashcards

Chap 17 Transcription, Translation, Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

DNA is copied into

A

mRNA

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1
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Translation takes place in the

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

mRNA is copied into

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

How many mRNA bases make one amino acid

A

3

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5
Q

Nucleotide triplets are also called

A

Codons

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6
Q

Thiamine in DNA is replaced by what in RNA

A

Uracil

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7
Q

A polymer of amino acids is a

A

Polypeptide/ protein

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8
Q

How many codon triplets can be made

A

64

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9
Q

How ,many amino acids are there

A

20

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10
Q

How many codonsmofmthe 64 translate to stop signals

A

3

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11
Q

How many of the 64 codons translate to methionine (start signal)

A

1

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12
Q

What enzyme copies template stand of DNA to make RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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13
Q

How many stages are in transcription

A

3

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14
Q

What are the three stages of transcription

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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15
Q

What stage does RNA pol. Bind to promoter

A

Initiation

16
Q

What stage of transcription does the RNA stand gain nucleotides

A

Elongation

17
Q

What stage of transcription does RNA pol. detach

A

Termination

18
Q

What is the tata box

A

DNA sequence that RNA pol. attaches to, to initiate transcription

19
Q

What are the 3 post transcription steps before the RNA leaves the nucleus.

A

A guanine cap is added
A poly A tail is added
The mRNA is spliced

20
Q

What enzyme splices mRNA

A

Spliceosome

21
Q

What is an Exon

A

Portion of mRNA that is kept to be translated

22
Q

What is an intron

A

Portion of non coding mRNA that is removed at splicing

23
Q

When an intron is left in and an Exon is cut out to code for alternative proteins is called

A

Alternative splicing

24
Q

What is tRNA, and what do they do

A

Transfer RNA, translates codons into amino acid sequences

25
Q

What portion of the tRNA binds to codons

A

Anticodons

26
Q

What are the sub units of ribosomes

A

Large and small sub unites

27
Q

What does the small sub unit do

A

Bonds to mRNA codons

28
Q

What does the large sub unit do

A

Bonds to tRNA then and continuously bonds amino acids brought by tRNA

29
Q

What type of bonds does the large sub unit create when binding amino acids

A

Peptide bonds

30
Q

Translation only codes from what to what codon

A

Start to stop

31
Q

What is a mutation

A

Any error in the DNA sequence

32
Q

Causes of mutation

A

Mistake in division, replication, or translation

33
Q

Any physical or chemical agent that alters DNA

A

Mutagen

34
Q

Mutation that does not change the peptide arrangement

A

Silent mutation

35
Q

Frame shifts

A

Mutation caused by an addition or deletion of of one base pair

Biology (12 decks)

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