Chap 20 Bio. Tech Flashcards
Genetic engineering
The science of altering and cloning DNA to make substances
The use of microorganismsto make commercial products
Biotechnology
Recombine DNA
DNA from two or more sources that are put into a single molecule
Restriction enzymes
Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific base pairs
Why do bacteria have restriction endonuleases
To cut out foreign DNA after assimilation of external DNA occurs
Vectors
Self replicating DNA molecules used to transfer foreign DNA segments between hosts
Examples of expression vectors
Plasmids, yeast, animal virus gnome, phages
Science
The search for knowledge about ourselves and the physical world
First step of DNA isolation
Disrupt cells membrane
Step 2 of DNA isolation
Precipitate DNA with ethanol
Step 3 of DNA isolation
Retrieve DNA precipitate and store
Step 4 of DNA isolation
dissolve in water and repeat steps
PCR stands for
Polymerase chain reaction
Materials for PCR
DNA polymerase
Isolated DNA
Nucleotides
Synthetic primers
Steps of PCR
Denature DNA (95C) Primer annealing (50-65C) DNA stand synth. (72C)
Collection of molecules or cells all identical to the original organism or cell
Clone
Benefits of using microbes
Grow fast
Small
Economical
Easy to isolate genes
Sticky ends
DNA stands with extra affinity to each other
Gel electrophoresis
Separates molecules based on size and charge
Electrophoresis materials
Agros Buffer DNA ladder Power supply Ethidium bromide ( fluorescent chemical )
Membrane matrix
Nylon or nitrocellulose
Types of sequencing
1 radioactive labeled DNA molecules
2 chain termination method
