CHAPTER 18- CLASSIFICATION, BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 🤎 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Give the following definitions of the term species: biological definition, morphological definition and ecological definition
-Define a population

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State the three domains that organisms are classified into
-Explain why the term domain was introduced (3)

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AS level recap: state ten features of a bacterial cell and explain their uses
AS level recap: briefly state the structural difference between a bacterial cell, an animal cell and a plant cell
-Outline the characteristic features of the domain Bacteria (prokaryotes) (8)

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State some characteristics of organisms in Domain Archaea (1) and a few ways in which archaeans are similar to bacteria (3) and eukaryotes (1)
AS level recap: Explain how transcription occurs in eukaryotes (3)
-Outline the characteristic features of the domain Archaea (9)

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State and explain three differences between the features of Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea

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State the main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
-Outline the characteristic features of the domain eukarya (9) (include the meaning of the term colonial in your outline)

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State the name of the system used to name new species
-Explain how this system is used to name a species using an example if necessary

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Explain the classification of organisms in the Eukarya domain into the taxonomic hierarchy (include a list of all ranks of the taxonomic hierarchy from highest to lowest)
-State how to write the abbreviated form of the name of a species
-Write down the acronym you use to remember the levels of a taxonomic hierarchy in order

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State the four kingdoms of domain Eukarya

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State the characteristic features of Kingdom Protoctista (4) including an example of an organism belonging to this kingdom

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Compare the characteristics of kingdom fungi to those of plants (2) including the definition of heterotrophic nutrition
-State the characteristic features of Kingdom fungi (7)

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Briefly describe plants in Kingdom Plantae (3)
-State the characteristic features of Kingdom Plantae (7) (include the definition of autotrophic nutrition)

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Briefly describe animals in Kingdom Animalia (3)
-State the characteristic features of Kingdom Animalia (8)

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AS level recap: explain what viruses are and how they operate within a host cell
AS level recap: State and describe three features of a virus, draw a simple diagram and label these features on a virus
AS level recap: state the bonds present in viruses

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A level content: Define a virus
-Describe a few characteristics of viruses (2)
-Explain what occurs once viruses infect cells (3)

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Explain in detail how viruses are classified limited to two characteristics

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Define biodiversity
-Give one characteristic of areas with high biodiversity (including the definition of endemic species)

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Explain how biodiversity can be assessed using the number and range of different ecosystems and habitats
-In your explanation, include the definition of an ECOSYSTEM, a NICHE and a HABITAT

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State the three different levels at which biodiversity can be assessed

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Explain how biodiversity can be assessed using the number of species and their relative abundance
-In your explanation, include the definition of SPECIES RICHNESS and SPECIES DIVERSITY

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Explain how genetic diversity can be assessed using the genetic variation within a species
-In your explanation, include the definition of GENETIC DIVERSITY and a GENOME

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Explain the steps one should take when assessing species diversity including which apparatus should be used for these steps
-In your explanation, state the difference between species distribution and abundance

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Define random sampling
-Explain the importance of random sampling in determining the biodiversity of an area

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Explain how random sampling (using frame quadrats) can be used to assess the distribution and abundance of organisms in an area
-Explain how one would calculate SPECIES FREQUENCY and SPECIES DENSITY from the results of random sampling using quadrats
-State and explain an alternative method of estimation of the percentage cover

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State what Lincoln's index and the mark-release recapture method is -Explain the process of the mark-release recapture -Explain how a calculation for the Lincoln's index can be carried out to help estimate the number in a population (include a formula in your explanation)

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State the use of the Simpson's index of diversity -Refer to the formula and state what each symbol represents -State the significance of difference values of D (Simpson's index) -Using the example in your notes, calculate the Simpson's index for shore A and shore B then explain the meaning of the results

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Define systematic sampling and state it's use -Explain how a LINE TRANSECT and BELT TRANSECT are used to assess the distribution and abundance of organisms in an area -State how the data obtained from a transect can be represented

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State the differences between a bar chart and a kite diagram -Interprete the results shown on a kite diagram using that in your notes

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Define a correlation and a linear correlation -Define three types of linear correlations -State the use of calculating the correlation coefficient (r)

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State what the Spearman's rank correlation is and state the situations in which this correlation is used -In steps, give the method of calculating the Spearman's rank correlation (state what each letter stands for in the formula) -Explain how the value calculated for Spearman's rank can be used to assess whether the hypothesis should be accepted or rejected -Using the example in your notes, calculate the Spearman's rank correlation and explain the results of the calculation

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State what Pearson's linear correlation is and state the situations in which this correlation is used -State what different values of the Pearson's linear correlation indicate -Describe the method of calculation for Pearson's linear correlation (state what each letter stands for in the formula)

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Outline six reasons for the need to maintain biodiversity then elaborate on each of your reasons (include the concepts of keystone species in your explanation)

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Define endangered species -State five areas used for the conservation of endangered species -Explain the roles of zoos, conserved areas (national parks & marine parks), botanic gardens and seed banks in the conservation of endangered species (include the concepts of captive breeding programmes, alien species, recalcitrant seeds and tissue culture in your explanation)

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Define mass extinctions -State five reasons why populations can become extinct then elaborate on each of those reasons (include the concepts of interspecific competition and predation in your explanation

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Define assisted reproduction and explain its use -State five methods of assisted reproduction -Thoroughly explain the five methods of assisted reproduction (include the concepts of surrogacy, mature follicles, oocytes, and frozen zoos in your explanation)

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Define an alien species -Thoroughly explain several reasons for controlling invasive alien species using specific examples in your explanation

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State two international conservation organisations in their full form -Explain the role of IUCN in conservation -Explain the role of CITES in conservation (include the three appendices and their trading regulations)

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