CHAPTER 17- SELECTION AND EVOLUTION 🤎 Flashcards
Define genetic variation
-State and elaborate on four causes of genetic variation
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Define phenotypic variation and state what causes it
-Explain how one environmental factor and one genetic factor affect phenotypic variation
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Explain the differences between discontinuous and continuous variation
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Explain the genetic basis of discontinuous and continuous variation (whether these types of variation are greatly affected by genes & environmental factors)
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Using an example, thoroughly explain the polygenetic effect
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State the use of a t-test
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Define natural selection
-Define two types of environmental factors affecting natural selection
-Define fitness and selection pressure
-Differentiate between an individual, population and community
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State three forces of natural selection that environmental factors can act as
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Using examples and a graph, explain how environmental factors can act as stabilising forces of natural selection
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Using examples and a graph, explain how environmental factors can act as directional forces of natural selection
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AS level recap
-Define an antibiotic
-State different things antibiotics interfere with
-Explain how penicillin acts on bacteria
-State what plasmids are and their use in bacteria
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Using examples and a graph, explain how environmental factors can act as disruptive forces of natural selection
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Thoroughly explain an example of natural selection (random mutation)
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Define genetic drift and give an example of genetic drift
-Define a gene pool
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State two types of genetic drift
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Define and explain the founder effect
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Define and explain the bottleneck effect (using an example in your explanation)
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State the use of the Hardy-Weinberg principle and when it is used
-Write out the two equations under the Hardy-Weinberg principle and state what each letter stands for
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Define artificial selection
-State the six principles of artificial selection
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Thoroughly explain three examples of selective breeding using all necessary key terms
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Define evolution, speciation and a species
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Explain the concepts of reproductive isolation and genetic isolation
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Thoroughly explain how speciation may occur as a result of genetic isolation by: geographical separation and ecological & behavioural separation (sympatric speciation)
(use all necessary key terms in your explanation)
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Provide a lengthy discussion regarding how DNA sequence data can show revolutionary relationships between species
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