CHAPTER 16- INHERITANCE 🤎 Flashcards
AS level recap
-Define a gene and DNA
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AS level recap
-Give a detailed description of chromosomes and their structure
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AS level recap
-What is the cell cycle?
-State the order of events of the cell cycle and describe what occurs during each event
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Define: sexual reproduction, fertilisation and a zygote
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Differentiate between the terms haploid and diploid (2)
-Apply your knowledge of these terms to reproduction in humans (3)
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Define homologous pairs
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Define meiosis
-State the two divisions of meiosis and the sequences of stages of each division
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Using diagrams, thoroughly describe what takes place in each stage of meiosis I (use all necessary keywords in your explanation)
-Explain why meiosis I is known as a reduction division
Note: refer to diagrams and photomicrographs to get an idea of how each stage looks
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Using diagrams, thoroughly describe what takes place in each stage of meiosis II (use all necessary keywords in your explanation)
Note: refer to diagrams and photomicrographs to get an idea of how each stage looks
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Define: a gene, the locus of a gene and alleles
-Using the terms above, explain why two homologous chromosomes are not genetically identical
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State three processes resulting in genetic variation
-Give thorough explanations (using diagrams if necessary) how each process results in genetic variation
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Define monohybrid inheritance and state what a genetic diagram is
-Practice drawing genetic diagrams by drawing genetic diagrams for: the cross between a homozygous female rabbit and heterozygous male rabbit, the cross between two heterozygous rabbits, the cross between two parents both with blood group AB
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Explain the difference between: a genotype and phenotype, heterozygous & homozygous, a dominant & recessive allele
-Use blood groups in humans to explain the concept of co-dominance
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Discuss the concept of sex linkage including a discussion about factor VIII & haemophilia
-Show how to represent the genotype and phenotype of sex-linked genes using a genetic diagram (normal female x normal male)
-Define a sex-linked gene and a carrier
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What is the F1 generation and F2 generation?
-State the use of test crosses and explain how they are used to carry out their purpose
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Define dihybrid inheritance
-Show how to represent the genotype and phenotype in the case of dihybrid inheritance
-State three features of dihybrid cross diagrams
-Draw genetic diagrams for the following: a rabbit with genotype BbEe x a rabbit with genotype Bbee, a plant with a purple stem & cut leaves x a plant with a green stem & potato leaves (dihybrid test cross), a plant with a purple stem & cut leaves x a plant with a purple stem & cut leaves
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Define epistasis, give your own example to show your understanding then write down the possible genotypes and phenotypes
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Define autosomal linkage, give your own example to show your understanding then draw a genetic diagram (s) to represent autosomal linkage
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Thoroughly describe crossing over then describe the relationship between autosomal linkage and crossing over
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Define the chi-squared test, state what each letter in the formula stands for
-Thoroughly explain how to obtain the chi-squared value by calculating the degrees of freedom
-State a null hypothesis
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State four genes, proteins and phenotypes that have a relationship with one another
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Thoroughly explain the relationship between the TYR gene, tyrosinase and albinism
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Thoroughly explain the relationship between the HBB gene, haemoglobin and sickle cell anaemia
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Thoroughly explain the relationship between the F8 gene, factor VIII and haemophilia
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