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Physical Well-Being > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

-a normal process of getting older, which includes
physical, mental, and social changes, and a point past
which there is a decline in function
-? begins at birth and continues until death
-? refers to the cognitive, emotional, and
behavioral changes that occur over time
-? refers to changes in a person’s relationships
Successful aging requires ?

A
  • aging
  • biological aging
  • psychological aging
  • social aging
  • preparation
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2
Q

-Result from ? and abuse of our bodies and minds
-Even with the healthiest behavior and environment,
biological aging ? occurs
-Gradual aging and impairment from ? cause
physiological changes throughout the body
-In healthy people, functioning remains essentially
constant until after age ?

A
  • neglect
  • inevitably
  • disease
  • 70
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3
Q

-Older adults who stay ? active have a lower risk of
cognitive impairment
-Some effects of mental exercise may help delay the onset of
symptoms caused by ?

A
  • mentally

- dementia

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4
Q

-Exercise significantly enhances both ? and
? health
-Physically active people have a significantly lower risk of dying
?
-? minutes of physical activity per week is often sufficient
-Stimulus that exercise provides also protects against the loss
of ?: the ability to find solutions to new
problems

A
  • psychological, physical
  • prematurely
  • 150
  • fluid intelligence
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5
Q

Economics of retirement
•? planning should begin early in life
•Especially critical for ?

A
  • financial

- women

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6
Q
  • is a common physical change and can affect a
    person’s ability to interact and lead to a sense of isolation
    •Some lose their ? slowly as they age, a condition called
    ?
  • increase in pressure in the eye
  • deterioration of
    the central area of the retina
  • clouding of the lenses
A
  • loss of hearing
  • hearing, presbycusis
  • glaucoma
  • age-related macular degeneration
  • cataracts
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7
Q
  • inflammation and swelling of a joint or joints
    -is the most common form
    -Enjoyment of sex can continue well into ?
  • loss of bone density
    Makes the body more prone to fractures, especially at the hip,
    spine, or wrist
A
  • arthritis
  • osteoarthritis
  • old age
  • osteoporosis
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8
Q

Many diseases lead to ?
•Some patients fulfill criteria for a diagnosis of ?, defined as objective cognitive impairment with
preserved function of ?
•Many ultimately develop ? : a general term for a loss
of function that interferes with daily life and independence
-Most older people with significant cognitive
impairment have several ? pathologies
simultaneously, which may all contribute to impairment

A
  • progressive cognitive impairment
  • mild cognitive impairment, daily life
  • dementia
  • brain
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9
Q

-a progressive brain disorder that
damages and eventually destroys brain cells
•Most common disease leading to dementia
•Ultimately fatal
-changes that occur due to cerebrovascular disease, when
brain cells die due to inadequate blood flow
-a form of dementia that partly
resembles AD but may also cause unpredictable levels of
cognitive ability, attention, or alertness

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • vascular dementia, vascular cognitive impairment
  • Lewy-body dementia
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10
Q

-can have serious physical and psychological
or emotional health consequences and may require
professional help
-People over ? have the second highest suicide rate of any
age group

A
  • unresolved grief

- 85

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11
Q 
-is the average length of time a person 
is expected to live
-? for women than for men
As life expectancy increases, a larger proportion of 
people will reach their ? years
A
  • life expectancy
  • longer
  • aging
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12
Q

-People age 65 and over are a large ? in the U.S.
-Health care remains the largest ?
-Majority live with fixed sources of income that are eroded
by ?
-a government program that provides
financial assistance to people who are unemployed,
disabled, or retired (and over a certain age)—was the
major source of income for 84% of elderly people in a
2014 survey

A
  • minority
  • expense, inflation
  • social security
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13
Q

Families should talk honestly about the ?,

time, and ? required for caregiving

A

-obligations, commitment

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14
Q

Several programs are in place to help older Americans
•Food assistance, housing ?, Social Security
•Medicare and ?
-is a major health insurance program for older
adults and people with disabilities
•Does not pay for many office visits, dental care, or dentures;
and pays less than ? of nursing home costs
When financial resources are ?, people may
apply for Medicaid

A
  • subsides, medicaid
  • medicare, 2%
  • exhausted
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15
Q

-is the biological process of aging
-Traditionally, the heart stops beating and breathing
ceases, referred to as ?
-? have affected clinical definitions

A
  • senescence
  • clinical death
  • life support systems
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16
Q
  • is the complete and irreversible loss of
    function of the entire brain
    •Timing is critical for organ transplantation
  • is a gradual process that follows
    shutdown heart, brain, and respiration and includes
    breakdown of metabolic processes
A
  • brain death

- cellular death

17
Q

Child’s understanding of death evolves greatly from
about age ? to age ?
-? recognition that death
is universal and irreversible, involves the cessation of all
physiological functioning, and has biological reasons
-Nonempirical ideas about death include ? that we survive in some form after death

A
  • age 6 to age 9
  • mature understanding of death
  • noncorporeal continuity
18
Q

In the United States we tend to ?

A

-death deny

19
Q

-a legal instrument expressing a person’s intentions and
wishes for the disposition of his or her property after death
-money, property, and other possessions
-the person making the will
•When a person dies ?—without having left a valid will
—property is distributed according to rules of the state
-a document that includes information
about your personal affairs (bank statements, credit cards,
documents, etc.)

A
  • will
  • estate
  • testator
  • intestate
  • testamentary
20
Q

-a legal document that states your
preferences about medical treatment
-allows individuals to provide instructions about the
kind of medical care they wish to receive or not receive if they
become unable to participate in decisions
-? or durable power of attorney for health
care: allows an individual to appoint another person as an
agent in making health care decisions

A
  • advance directive
  • living will
  • health care proxy
21
Q

Each day about ? people receive an organ transplant
•Another ? people on the waiting list die because not enough
organs are available
•You can express your wishes with a ? or as
an indication on a driver’s license; and by discussing your
decision with your family

A
  • 80
  • 20
  • Uniform Donor Card
22
Q

? programs offer a special kind of compassionate
care for those in the final phase of terminal illness
•Likely to die in ? months or less
•Hospice is a system of ? a collaborative,
team-based approach to treatment that aims to prevent and
relieve suffering in those with serious or life-threatening
illness

A
  • hospice
  • six
  • palliative care
23
Q

-profound unconsciousness, with
no sign of normal reflexes and response to external stimuli
-Right of a competent patient to ? treatment is
now generally established
•Having a clear advance directive is extremely helpful

A
  • persistent vegetative state

- refuse unwanted

24
Q

-a physician provides a
prescription for a lethal dose of medication at the patient’s
request
•Concept of ?: a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results
in death, is permissible if not intended and occurs as a side effect of a
beneficial action
- intentional act of killing someone who
would otherwise suffer
- at the patient’s request; unlawful in the U.S. and
the rest of the world
- is used as a last resort

A
  • physician-assisted death
  • double effect
  • active euthanasia
  • palliative sedation
25
Q 
Disposition of the body
•Burial
•? for a viewing or wake
•Cremation
Arranging a service
•?
•Funeral ceremony
A
  • embalming

- memorial service

26
Q 
-a balance of honesty and hope
Tasks of coping
•Kübler-Ross, five psychological stages: ?, anger, 
?, depression, acceptance
•Notion of stages is now deemphasized
•Four primary dimensions in coping with dying (Corr)
•Physical
•?
•Social
•?
A
  • middle knowledge
  • denial, bargaining
  • psychological, spiritual
27
Q
  • the reaction to loss
  • the objective event of loss
  • the process of adjustment
A
  • grief
  • bereavement
  • mourning
28
Q

-refers to grief that is unusually

intense, prolonged, and debilitating

A

-complicated grief

29
Q

-Key to supporting a grieving person is being a good
listener and refrain from making ?
-If someone talks about suicide or seems in danger of harm,
seek ? help right away
-When a young adult loses a friend, the leading causes
of death tend to be ? and unexpected
•Support is crucial
-In helping children cope with loss, honesty and
? are key

A
  • judgement
  • professional
  • sudden
  • inclusion

Physical Well-Being (9 decks)

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