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Physical Well-Being > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Bodies are composed of ? and ?

A
  • fat free mass

* body fat

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2
Q

nonfat tissues

A

*Fat-free tissues

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3
Q

Body fat includes:
•? fat
•Fat stored in fat cells (?)
•Fat located in ? (under the skin) and around major organs (?)

A
  • Essential
  • Adipose tissue
  • Subcutaneous fat
  • Visceral fat
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4
Q

the proportion of the body’s total weight that is fat

A

Percent body fat

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5
Q
  • total body weight above the recommended range for good health
  • more serious degree of overweight that carries multiple health risks
A
  • Overweight

* Obesity

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6
Q

Several methods are used to measure and evaluate body weight and percent body fat

A

*Body composition
•Body mass index (BMI)
•Body fat distribution

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7
Q

Estimating Body Composition

A
  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
  • Skinfold measurement
  • Scanning procedures
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8
Q

Scanning Procedures

A

*CT scan
•MRI
•Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
•Dual-photon absorptiometry

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9
Q

is useful for classifying the health risks of body weight

•Correlated with but does not directly measure body fat

A

Body mass index (BMI)

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10
Q

(in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters)

A

Body weight

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11
Q 
Standards set by the NIH:
•Between 18.5 and 24.9 is ?
•Greater than 25 is ?
•Greater than 30 is ?
•Below 18.5 is classified as ?, although low BMI values may be healthy in some cases
A
  • healthy
  • overweight
  • obese
  • underweight
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12
Q

Apple shape: ?
Upper regions of the body, particularly abdomen
•Increased risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, early-onset heart disease, stroke, and cancer

A

android obesity

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13
Q

Pear shape: ?

•Fat storage in the hips, buttocks, and thighs

A

Gynoid obesity

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14
Q

Obesity ? mortality rates and can reduce life expectancy by 10 to 20 years

A

doubles

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15
Q

causes a disruption of normal metabolism

A

Diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

Type 1 diabetes
•Immune system ? insulin-producing cells in the ?
•Type 2 diabetes
•Strongly associated with ? body fat
•Pancreas does not produce enough ?, body cells have become ?, or both

A
  • detsroys, pancreas

* excess, insulin, resistant,

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17
Q

Low levels of body fat are a threat to wellness:

A

Reproductive, circulatory, and immune system disorders

18
Q

Female athlete triad:
•? patterns (and excessive exercising)
•? absence of menstruation
•? (premature osteoporosis)

A
  • Abnormal eating
  • Amenorrhea
  • Decreased bone density
19
Q

is key to maintaining healthy body weight and keeping a healthy ratio of fat to fat-free mass

A

Energy balance

20
Q

Body ? (calories) and ? (calories) to maintain vital body functions
•To change weight, the balance must be ?
•? energy balance
•? energy balance

A
  • takes in energy, uses energy
  • tipped
  • positive, negative
21
Q

*Genetics contribute to ? to ?% of an individual’s body fat, but one’s environment is still important
•a theory suggests our bodies are designed to maintain a stable ?

A
  • 25 to 40%

* set point

22
Q

? can change if changes in activity and diet are maintained over a long time

A

Set point

23
Q

? accounts for about 65 to 70% of daily energy expenditure

•Genetics, behavior, and weight loss or gain affect ?

A

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

24
Q

Lifestyle factors
•?
•?
•?

A
  • Energy intake and dietary patterns
  • Physical activity
  • Sleep
25
Q

Psychosocial factors
•Food as a means of ? with stress and negative emotions
•Obesity is strongly associated with ? status
•Foods within your family and ?

A
  • coping
  • socioeconomic
  • culture
26
Q

Americans live and work in an ?

A

*“obesogenic” environment

27
Q

? is a major cause of overweight and obesity

A

*Slow weight gain

28
Q

Replace ? foods with ? foods

A

*energy-dense, nutrient-dense food

29
Q

Weight problems are associated with ? and negative emotions
•“Ideal self”
•? can be self-deprecating or positively motivating

A
  • low self-esteem

* self-talk

30
Q

Noncommercial: TOPS; OA
Commercial: WW

A
  • Take Off Pounds Sensibly
  • Overeaters Anonymous
  • Weight Watchers
31
Q

•NIH recommends weight loss (bariatric) surgery for individuals with a BMI greater than ?, or greater than ? with an obesity-related illness

A

*40, 35

32
Q

Bariatric surgery modifies the ? tract by changing either the ? of the stomach or how the intestine ?, thereby reducing food intake

A
  • gastrointestinal
  • size
  • drains
33
Q

Weight loss generally ranges between ? and ?% of total body weight

A

*40, 70%

34
Q

the mental representation a person holds about his or her body, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions

A

Body image

35
Q

Severe body image problems:
•BDD
•Constant preoccupation with body imperfections
•Related to obsessive-compulsive disorder
•MD

A
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder

* Muscle Dysmorphia

36
Q

are psychological disorders, characterized by severe disturbances in body image, eating patterns, and eating-related behaviors
•? nervosa
•? nervosa
•? disorder

A
  • Eating disorders
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Binge-eating disorder
37
Q
  • involves a refusal to eat enough food to maintain a reasonable body weight
  • the use of vomiting, laxatives, or other methods to compensate for food that has been eaten
A
  • Anorexia nervosa

* purge

38
Q

is characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging

A

*Bulimia nervosa

39
Q

incontrollable eating followed by feelings of guilt and shame about weight gain

A

Binge-eating disorder

40
Q

Feeding or eating disorders that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or binge-eating disorder may be classified as

A

other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED)

41
Q

Anorexia nervosa: ? a medical crisis

Bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder: ? the eating patterns

A
  • averting

* stabilizing

Physical Well-Being (9 decks)

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