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Ambers Medical Terminology > Chapter 17 - The Nervous System And Behavioural Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - The Nervous System And Behavioural Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease.

Right ear

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2
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

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4
Q

CP

A

Cerebral palsy

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5
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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6
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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7
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

Electroencephalograph(y)

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8
Q

LOC

A

Level of consciousness

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9
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

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10
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

Mitral stenosis

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11
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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12
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

PTSD

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder

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14
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

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15
Q

Carrying toward a given point.

Sensory neurons/nerves carry impulses to CNS

A

Afferent

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16
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid mater

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17
Q

Division of nervous system that regulates involuntary activities, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands. Visceral nervous system.

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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18
Q

Fibre of neuron that conducts impulses away from cell body

A

Axon

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19
Q

Nervous tissue contained within cranium, made up of cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum.

A

Brain

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20
Q

Part of brain that is made of midbrain, pons, medulla, oblongata

A

Brainstem

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21
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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22
Q

Posterior portion of brain dorsal to pons and medulla. Help coordinate movement and maintain balance and posture

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

Cerebrum’s thin surface layer of gray matter

A

Cerebral cortex

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24
Q

Large upper portion of the brain. Divided into two hemispheres by longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

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25
Q

Watery fluid that circulates in/around the brain and spinal cord as protection

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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26
Q

Twelve pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain

A

Cranial nerves

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27
Q

Fibre of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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28
Q

Part of brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland. Located between cerebrum and brainstem

A

Diencephalon

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29
Q

Strong, fibrous outermost layer of the meninges

A

Dura mater

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30
Q

Carrying away from a given point

Motor neurons and nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS

A

Efferent

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31
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A

Ganglion

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32
Q

Unmyelinated tissue of nervous system

A

Gray matter

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33
Q

Raised convolution of the surface of the cerebrum

A

Gyrus

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34
Q

Part of brain that controls the pituitary gland, maintains homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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35
Q

Any neuron located between a sensory and a motor neuron in a neural pathway

A

Interneuron

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36
Q

Portion of brain that connects with the spinal cord. Has vital centres for control of respiration, heart rate, blood pressure. Medulla

A

Medulla oblongata

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37
Q

The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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38
Q

Part of brainstem between diencephalon and the pons. Has centres for coordination of reflexes for vision and hearing

A

Midbrain

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39
Q

Producing movement

Neurons carry impulses away from CNS

A

Motor

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40
Q

Whitish, fatty substance that surrounds certain axons of the nervous system

A

Myelin

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41
Q

Connective-tissue cells of the nervous system. Glial cells

A

Neuroglia

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42
Q

Basic unit of the nervous system. A nerve cell

A

Neuron

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43
Q

Chemical that transmits energy across a synapse

Epinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter

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44
Q

Bundle of nerve cell fibres outside CNS

A

Nerve

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45
Q

Part of automatic nervous system that reverses the response to stress and restores homeostasis
(Slow heart rate, respiration rate, stimulates activity of digestive, urinary, reproductive systems)

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

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46
Q

Innermost layer of the meninges

A

Pia mater

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47
Q

Rounded area of the ventral surface of the brainstem. Contain fibres that connect regions of the brain

A

Pons

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48
Q

Simple, rapid, autonomic response to stimulus

A

Reflex

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49
Q

Branch of spinal nerve that connects with the spinal cord

Dorsal root joins dorsal gray horn of spinal cord : ventral root joins ventral gray horn of spinal cord

A

Root

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50
Q

Describe neurons that carry impulses toward CNS

A

Sensory

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51
Q

Division of nervous system that controls skeletal muscles (voluntary)

A

Somatic nervous system

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52
Q

Nervous tissue contained within the spinal column, from medulla oblongata to lumbar vertebrae 2

A

Spinal cord

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53
Q

31 pairs of nerves that connect with the spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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54
Q

Shallow, furrow/groove

On surface of cerebrum

A

Sulcus

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55
Q

Part of autonomic nervous system that mobilses a response to stress
(Increase heart rate, respiration rate, more blood to skeletal muscles)

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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56
Q

Junction between two neurons

A

Synapse

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57
Q

Part of brain that receives all sensory impulses, EXCEPT for smell and directs them to the correct part of cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

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58
Q

Bundle of nerve cell fibres within CNS

A

Tract

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59
Q

Small cavity

A

Ventricle

60
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral nervous system

61
Q

Myelinated tissue of the nervous system

A

White matter

62
Q

neur/o

neur/i

A

Nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve

63
Q

gli/o

A

Neuroglia

64
Q

gangli/o

ganglion/o

A

Ganglion

65
Q

mening/o

meninge/o

A

Meninges

66
Q

myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

67
Q

radicul/o

A

Spinal nerve root

68
Q

encephal/o

A

Brain

69
Q

cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum (brain)

70
Q

cortic/o

A

Cerebral cortex, outer portion

71
Q

cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

72
Q

thalam/o

A

Thalamus

73
Q

ventricul/o

A

Cavity, ventricle

74
Q

medull/o

A

Medulla oblongata, spinal cord

75
Q

psych/o

A

Mind

76
Q

narc/o

A

Stupor, unconsciousness

77
Q

somn/o

somn/i

A

Sleep

78
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

79
Q

-lalia

A

Speech, babble

80
Q

-lexia

A

Reading

81
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

82
Q

-paresis

A

Partial paralysis

83
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

84
Q

-phobia

A

Persistent, irrational fear

85
Q

-mania

A

Excited state, obsession

86
Q

Form of dementia caused by atrophy of cerebral cortex. Presenile dementia

A

Alzheimer disease (AD)

87
Q

Starchlike substance of unknown composition that accumulates in the brain in alzheimer and other diseases.

A

Amyloid

88
Q

Localized abnormal dilution of a blood vessel that results from weakness of the vessel wall, aneurysm may burst eventually

A

Aneurysm

89
Q

Specifically lost/defect in speech communication. Applied to range of language disorders

A

Aphasia

90
Q

Neuroglia tumor composed of astrocytes

A

Astrocytoma

91
Q

Bruise to surface of the brain due to a blow to the head

A

Cerebral contusion

92
Q

Sudden damage to head due to reduction of cerebral blood flow. Stroke

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

93
Q

State of deep unconsciousness, one cannot be aroused

A

Coma

94
Q

Injury resulting from violent blow/shock

A

Concussion

95
Q

State of reduced comprehension, coherence, reasoning ability resulting in inappropriate responses to environmental stimuli

A

Confusion

96
Q

Damage to brain on side opposite the point of a blow as a result from the brain hitting the skull

A

Contrecoup injury

97
Q

Series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions.
Tonic convulsion involves prolonged contraction of the muscles
Clonic convulsion there is alternation of contraction and relaxation

A

Convulsion

98
Q

Gradual and usual irreversible loss of intellectual function

A

Dementia

99
Q

Obstruction of blood vessel by a blood clot or other material carried in circulation

A

Embolism

100
Q

Inflammation of brain

A

Encephalitis

101
Q

Accumulation of blood in epidural space

A

Epidural hematoma

102
Q

Chronic disease involving periodic sudden burst of electric activity from the brain, cause seizures

A

Epilepsy

103
Q

Tumor of neuroglia cells

A

Glioma

104
Q

Partial paralysis or weakness of one side of the body

A

Hemiparesis

105
Q

Paralysis of one side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

106
Q

Increased accumulation of CSF in or around the brain as a result of obstruction to flow.

A

Hydrocephalus

107
Q

Insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite ample opportunity to sleep

A

Insomnia

108
Q

Tumor of meninges

A

Meningioma

109
Q

Inflammation of meninges

A

Meningitis

110
Q

Dementia caused by chronic cerebral ishemia due to multiple small strokes. Progressive loss of cognitive function, memory, judgement, altered motor and sensory function

A

Multi-infarct dementia (MID)

111
Q

Chronic progressive disease involving loss of myelin in CNS

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

112
Q

Brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day

A

Narcolepsy

113
Q

Tumor of the sheath of a peripheral nerve, schwannoma

A

Neurilemoma

114
Q

Temporary or permanent loss of function.
Flaccid paralysis involves loss of muscle tone and reflexes and degeneration of muscles
Spastic paralysis involves excess muscle tone and reflexes but NO degeneration

A

Paralysis

115
Q

Disorder originating in basal ganglia and characterized by slow movements, tremor, rigidity, masklike face. Parkinson disease

A

Parkinsonism

116
Q

Sudden attack, as seen in epilepsy

A

Seizure

117
Q

Acute viral infection that follows nerve pathways causing small lesions on the skin. Herpes zoster

A

Shingles

118
Q

Brief periods of breathing cessation during sleep

A

Sleep apnea

119
Q

Sudden interference with blood flow in one or more cerebral vessels leading to oxygen deprivation and necrosis of brain tissue

A

Stroke

120
Q

Accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater

A

Subdural hematoma

121
Q

Development of blood clot within a vessel

A

Thrombosis

122
Q

Shaking or involuntary movement

A

Tremor

123
Q

Surgical removal of the lining of the carotid artery

A

Carotid endarterectomy

124
Q

Radiographic study of the blood vessels of the brain after injection of a contrast medium

A

Cerebral angiography

125
Q

Amplification, recording, interpretation of electrical activity of the brain

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

126
Q

Drug used in treatment of Parkinson’s. Levodopa

A

L-dopa

127
Q

Puncture of subarachnoid space in lumbar region of the spinal cord to remove spinal fluid for diagnosis or to inject anesthesia. Spinal tap

A

Lumbar puncture

128
Q

Simultaneous monitoring of variety of physiologic functions during sleep to diagnose sleep disorders

A

Polysomnography

129
Q

Feeling fear, worry, uneasiness, dread

A

Anxiety

130
Q

Behavioural condition on a continuum with autism that may include difficulty with social interactions, and understanding strong specific interests and repetition behaviours

A

Asperger syndrome

131
Q

Condition that begins in childhood and is characterized by attention problems, easy boredom, impulsive behaviour, hyperactivity

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

132
Q

Disorder of unknown cause consist of self-adsorption, lack of response to social contact and affection, preoccupations, stereotyped behaviour, resistance to change

A

Autism

133
Q

Form of depression with episodes of mania. Maniac depressive illness

A

Bipolar disorder

134
Q

False belief inconsistent with knowledge and experience

A

Delusion

135
Q

Mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, lack of interest or pleasure in activities

A

Depression

136
Q

Mild form of depression that usually develops in response to a serous life event

A

Dysthymia

137
Q

False perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli

A

Hallucination

138
Q

State of elation, which may include agitation, hyper excitability, or hyperactivity

A

Mania

139
Q

Condition associated with recurrent and intrusive thoughts, images, and repetitive behaviours preformed to relieve anxiety

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

140
Q

Form of anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense fear

A

Panic disorder

141
Q

Mental state characterized by jealously , delusions of persecutions or perceptions of threat or harm

A

Paranoia

142
Q

Extreme persistent fear of specific object or situation

A

Phobia

143
Q

Persistent emotional disturbance that follows exposure to life-threatening catastrophic events, trauma, abuse, natural disasters, warfare

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

144
Q

Mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions and hallucinations

A

Psychosis

145
Q

Poorly understood group of severed mental disorders with features of psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, withdrawn or bizarre behaviour

A

Schizophrenia

Ambers Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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