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Ambers Medical Terminology > Chapter 12- The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 12- The Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

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2
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

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3
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A virus

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4
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

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5
Q

HCL

A

hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C virus

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7
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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8
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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9
Q

Distal opening of digestive tract

A

Anus

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10
Q

Appendage: narrow tube of lymphatic tissue attached to cecum

A

Appendix

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11
Q

Fluid secreted by liver that emulsifies fats and helps in their absorption

A

Bile

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12
Q

Blind pouch at beginning of large intestine

A

Cecum

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13
Q

Major part of large intestine; extend from cecum to rectum; includes ascending, transverse, descending portions

A

Colon

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14
Q

Duct that carries bile into duodenum; formed by union of cystic duct and common hepatic duct

A

Common bile duct

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15
Q

First portion of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Muscular tube that carries food from pharynx to stomach

A

Esophagus

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17
Q

Waste material eliminated from intestine

A

Feces

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18
Q

Sac on undersurface of liver that stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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19
Q

Special pathway of circulation that brings blood directly from abdominal organs to liver for processing (portal system) vessel that enters liver is hepatic portal vein

A

Hepatic portal system

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20
Q

Terminal portion of small intestine

A

Ileum

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21
Q

Portion of digestive tract between stomach and anus. Include small and large intestine. Functions in digestion, absorption, elimination of waste. The bowel

A

Intestine

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22
Q

Middle portion of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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23
Q

Lymphatic capillary in a villus of small intestine. Absorbs digested fats into lymph

A

Lacteal

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24
Q

Terminal portion of digestive tract. Includes cecum, colon, rectum, anus. Stores/eliminates undigested waste material.

A

Large intestine

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25
Q

Large gland in upper right of abdomen. Secretes bile needed for digestion/absorption of fats

A

Liver

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26
Q

Muscle tissue at distal end of esophagus that stops stomach contents from entering back into esophagus. The cardiac sphincter

A

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

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27
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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28
Q

Oral cavity. Take in food and chew, mix with saliva move toward throat.

A

Mouth

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29
Q

Roof of the mouth. Partition between mouth and nasal cavity. Includes anterior portion of bone, hard palate, posterior portion formed by tissue the soft palate.

A

Palate

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30
Q

Large, elongated gland behind the stomach. Produce hormones and digestive enzymes, and regulate blood sugar.

A

Pancreas

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31
Q

Wavelike contractions of organs walls

A

Peristalsis

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32
Q

The throat. Common passage way for food to enter esophagus and air to enter larynx

A

Pharynx

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33
Q

Stomachs distal opening into duodenum. Opening controlled by pyloric sphincter.

A

Pylorus

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34
Q

Distal portion of large intestine. Stores and eliminates undigested waste.

A

Rectum

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35
Q

Clear secretion released into the mouth, moistens food and contains enzyme that digests starch. Produced by 3 pairs of glands. (Parotid, submandibular, sublingual)

A

Saliva

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36
Q

Distal S shaped part of large intestine between descending colon and rectum.

A

Sigmoid colon

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37
Q

Part of intestine between stomach and large intestine. Made of up duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Most digestion and absorption occur here.

A

Small intestine

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38
Q

Muscular saclike organ below diaphragm that stores food and secretes juices that digest proteins.

A

Stomach

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39
Q

Fleshy mass that hangs from soft palate. Helps in speech production.

A

Uvula

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40
Q

Tiny projections in lining of small intestine, absorbs digested food into circulation.

A

Villi

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41
Q

bucc/o

A

Cheek

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42
Q

dent/o

dent/i

A

Tooth, teeth

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43
Q

odont/o

A

Tooth, teeth

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44
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gum (gingiva)

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45
Q

gloss/o

A

Tongue

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46
Q

lingu/o

A

Tongue

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47
Q

gnath/o

A

Jaw

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48
Q

labi/o

A

Lip

49
Q

or/o

A

Mouth

50
Q

stoma

stomat/o

A

Mouth

51
Q

palat/o

A

Palate

52
Q

sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct

53
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

54
Q

esophag/o

A

Esophagus

55
Q

gastr/o

A

Stomach

56
Q

pylor/o

A

Pylorus

57
Q

enter/o

A

Intestine

58
Q

duoden/o

A

Duodenum

59
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

60
Q

ile/o

A

Ileum

61
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

62
Q

col/o

colon/o

A

Colon

63
Q

sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

64
Q

rect/o

A

Rectum

65
Q

proct/o

A

Rectum

66
Q

an/o

A

Anus

67
Q

hepat/o

A

Liver

68
Q

bili

A

Bile

69
Q

chol/e

chol/o

A

Bile, gall

70
Q

cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

71
Q

cholangi/o

A

Bile duct

72
Q

choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

73
Q

pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

74
Q

Inflammation of appendix

A

appendicitis

75
Q

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity, form of edema.

A

ascites

76
Q

Acute abdominal pain due to gallstones in bile ducts

A

biliary colic

77
Q

Pigment released in breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells, mainly excreted by liver in bile

A

Bilirubin

78
Q

Inability to absorb food containing gluten, protein in wheat. Excess immune response to gluten.

A

Celiac disease

79
Q

Inflammation of gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

80
Q

Stones in gallbladder. Stones in common bile duct.

A

cholelithiasis

81
Q

Chronic liver disease with degeneration of liver tissue

A

cirrhosis

82
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract.(ileum and colon)

A

crohn disease

83
Q

Frequent passage of watery bowel movements

A

Diarrhea

84
Q

Inflammation of diverticula in wall of digestive tract (colon)

A

diverticulitis

85
Q

Presence of diverticula (small pouches) (in colon)

A

diverticulosis

86
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

87
Q

Vomiting

A

Messi

88
Q

Abnormal passageway between two organs or organs to body surface

A

Fistula

Anorectal fistula-anus and rectum

89
Q

Inflammation of stomach and intestine

A

Gastroenteritis

90
Q

Condition due to reflux of gastric juices into esophagus, cause heartburn,regurgitation,inflammation.

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

91
Q

Warm/burning sensation behind sternum and radiating upward. Pyrosis

A

Heartburn

92
Q

Varicose veins in rectum.

A

Hemorrhoids

93
Q

Inflammation of liver.

A

Hepatitis

94
Q

Enlargement of liver

A

Hepatomegaly

95
Q

Protrusion of stomach through opening.(hiatus) in diaphragm through esophagus passes.

A

Hiatal hernia

96
Q

Jaundice

A

Icterus

97
Q

Intestinal obstruction.

A

Ileus

98
Q

Slipping of one part of intestine through another part below it

A

Intussusception

99
Q

Yellowish coloration of skin, mucous membrane, whites of eyes, due to bile pigments in blood

A

Jaundice

100
Q

Unpleasant sensation in upper abdomen that often comes before vomiting

A

Nausea

101
Q

Microscopic amounts of blood in feces

A

Occult blood

102
Q

Inflammation of pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

103
Q

Lesion in mucous membrane of esophagus, stomach or duodenum

A

Peptic ulcer

104
Q

Inflammation of peritoneum.

A

Peritonitis

105
Q

Tumour grows on stalk and bleeds easily

A

Polyp

106
Q

Abnormal increase in pressure in hepatic portal system.

A

Portal hypertension

107
Q

Narrowing of opening between stomach and duodenum

Pylorostenosis

A

Pyloric stenosis

108
Q

Backward flowing

A

Regurgitation

109
Q

Enlargement of spleen

A

Splenomegaly

110
Q

Chronic ulceration of rectum and colon

A

Ulcerative colitis

111
Q

Twisting of intestine that leads to obstruction

A

Volvulus

112
Q

Passage or communication between two vessels or organs

A

Anastomosis

113
Q

Use of barium sulfate as liquid contrast medium for fluoroscopic or radiographic study of digestive tract.

A

Barium study

114
Q

Surgical removal of gallbladder

A

Cholecystectomy

115
Q

System for staging colorectal cancer based on degree of penetration of bowl wall and lymph node involvement

A

Dukes classification

116
Q

Fibertopic endoscope for direct visual examination.

A

Endoscopy

117
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Technique to view pancreatic, bile ducts, and perform certain techniques to relieve obstructions.

A

ERCP

118
Q

Opening into body

A

Ostomy

119
Q

Surgically created opening to body surface or between two organs

A

Stoma

Ambers Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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