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Ambers Medical Terminology > Chapter 12- The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 12- The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

BE

A

Barium enema

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2
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

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3
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A virus

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4
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B virus

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5
Q

HCL

A

hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C virus

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7
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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8
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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9
Q

Distal opening of digestive tract

A

Anus

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10
Q

Appendage: narrow tube of lymphatic tissue attached to cecum

A

Appendix

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11
Q

Fluid secreted by liver that emulsifies fats and helps in their absorption

A

Bile

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12
Q

Blind pouch at beginning of large intestine

A

Cecum

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13
Q

Major part of large intestine; extend from cecum to rectum; includes ascending, transverse, descending portions

A

Colon

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14
Q

Duct that carries bile into duodenum; formed by union of cystic duct and common hepatic duct

A

Common bile duct

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15
Q

First portion of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Muscular tube that carries food from pharynx to stomach

A

Esophagus

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17
Q

Waste material eliminated from intestine

A

Feces

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18
Q

Sac on undersurface of liver that stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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19
Q

Special pathway of circulation that brings blood directly from abdominal organs to liver for processing (portal system) vessel that enters liver is hepatic portal vein

A

Hepatic portal system

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20
Q

Terminal portion of small intestine

A

Ileum

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21
Q

Portion of digestive tract between stomach and anus. Include small and large intestine. Functions in digestion, absorption, elimination of waste. The bowel

A

Intestine

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22
Q

Middle portion of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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23
Q

Lymphatic capillary in a villus of small intestine. Absorbs digested fats into lymph

A

Lacteal

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24
Q

Terminal portion of digestive tract. Includes cecum, colon, rectum, anus. Stores/eliminates undigested waste material.

A

Large intestine

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25
Large gland in upper right of abdomen. Secretes bile needed for digestion/absorption of fats
Liver
26
Muscle tissue at distal end of esophagus that stops stomach contents from entering back into esophagus. The cardiac sphincter
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
27
Chewing
Mastication
28
Oral cavity. Take in food and chew, mix with saliva move toward throat.
Mouth
29
Roof of the mouth. Partition between mouth and nasal cavity. Includes anterior portion of bone, hard palate, posterior portion formed by tissue the soft palate.
Palate
30
Large, elongated gland behind the stomach. Produce hormones and digestive enzymes, and regulate blood sugar.
Pancreas
31
Wavelike contractions of organs walls
Peristalsis
32
The throat. Common passage way for food to enter esophagus and air to enter larynx
Pharynx
33
Stomachs distal opening into duodenum. Opening controlled by pyloric sphincter.
Pylorus
34
Distal portion of large intestine. Stores and eliminates undigested waste.
Rectum
35
Clear secretion released into the mouth, moistens food and contains enzyme that digests starch. Produced by 3 pairs of glands. (Parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
Saliva
36
Distal S shaped part of large intestine between descending colon and rectum.
Sigmoid colon
37
Part of intestine between stomach and large intestine. Made of up duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Most digestion and absorption occur here.
Small intestine
38
Muscular saclike organ below diaphragm that stores food and secretes juices that digest proteins.
Stomach
39
Fleshy mass that hangs from soft palate. Helps in speech production.
Uvula
40
Tiny projections in lining of small intestine, absorbs digested food into circulation.
Villi
41
bucc/o
Cheek
42
dent/o dent/i
Tooth, teeth
43
odont/o
Tooth, teeth
44
gingiv/o
Gum (gingiva)
45
gloss/o
Tongue
46
lingu/o
Tongue
47
gnath/o
Jaw
48
labi/o
Lip
49
or/o
Mouth
50
stoma stomat/o
Mouth
51
palat/o
Palate
52
sial/o
Saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct
53
uvul/o
uvula
54
esophag/o
Esophagus
55
gastr/o
Stomach
56
pylor/o
Pylorus
57
enter/o
Intestine
58
duoden/o
Duodenum
59
jejun/o
jejunum
60
ile/o
Ileum
61
cec/o
cecum
62
col/o colon/o
Colon
63
sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
64
rect/o
Rectum
65
proct/o
Rectum
66
an/o
Anus
67
hepat/o
Liver
68
bili
Bile
69
chol/e chol/o
Bile, gall
70
cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
71
cholangi/o
Bile duct
72
choledoch/o
Common bile duct
73
pancreat/o
Pancreas
74
Inflammation of appendix
appendicitis
75
accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity, form of edema.
ascites
76
Acute abdominal pain due to gallstones in bile ducts
biliary colic
77
Pigment released in breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells, mainly excreted by liver in bile
Bilirubin
78
Inability to absorb food containing gluten, protein in wheat. Excess immune response to gluten.
Celiac disease
79
Inflammation of gallbladder
cholecystitis
80
Stones in gallbladder. Stones in common bile duct.
cholelithiasis
81
Chronic liver disease with degeneration of liver tissue
cirrhosis
82
Chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract.(ileum and colon)
crohn disease
83
Frequent passage of watery bowel movements
Diarrhea
84
Inflammation of diverticula in wall of digestive tract (colon)
diverticulitis
85
Presence of diverticula (small pouches) (in colon)
diverticulosis
86
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
87
Vomiting
Messi
88
Abnormal passageway between two organs or organs to body surface
Fistula | Anorectal fistula-anus and rectum
89
Inflammation of stomach and intestine
Gastroenteritis
90
Condition due to reflux of gastric juices into esophagus, cause heartburn,regurgitation,inflammation.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
91
Warm/burning sensation behind sternum and radiating upward. Pyrosis
Heartburn
92
Varicose veins in rectum.
Hemorrhoids
93
Inflammation of liver.
Hepatitis
94
Enlargement of liver
Hepatomegaly
95
Protrusion of stomach through opening.(hiatus) in diaphragm through esophagus passes.
Hiatal hernia
96
Jaundice
Icterus
97
Intestinal obstruction.
Ileus
98
Slipping of one part of intestine through another part below it
Intussusception
99
Yellowish coloration of skin, mucous membrane, whites of eyes, due to bile pigments in blood
Jaundice
100
Unpleasant sensation in upper abdomen that often comes before vomiting
Nausea
101
Microscopic amounts of blood in feces
Occult blood
102
Inflammation of pancreas
Pancreatitis
103
Lesion in mucous membrane of esophagus, stomach or duodenum
Peptic ulcer
104
Inflammation of peritoneum.
Peritonitis
105
Tumour grows on stalk and bleeds easily
Polyp
106
Abnormal increase in pressure in hepatic portal system.
Portal hypertension
107
Narrowing of opening between stomach and duodenum | Pylorostenosis
Pyloric stenosis
108
Backward flowing
Regurgitation
109
Enlargement of spleen
Splenomegaly
110
Chronic ulceration of rectum and colon
Ulcerative colitis
111
Twisting of intestine that leads to obstruction
Volvulus
112
Passage or communication between two vessels or organs
Anastomosis
113
Use of barium sulfate as liquid contrast medium for fluoroscopic or radiographic study of digestive tract.
Barium study
114
Surgical removal of gallbladder
Cholecystectomy
115
System for staging colorectal cancer based on degree of penetration of bowl wall and lymph node involvement
Dukes classification
116
Fibertopic endoscope for direct visual examination.
Endoscopy
117
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Technique to view pancreatic, bile ducts, and perform certain techniques to relieve obstructions.
ERCP
118
Opening into body
Ostomy
119
Surgically created opening to body surface or between two organs
Stoma

Ambers Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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