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Ambers Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 - The Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - The Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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2
Q

ARF

A

acute respiratory failure

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3
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

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4
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

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5
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

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6
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

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7
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelography

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8
Q

Na

A

Sodium

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9
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

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10
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

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11
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

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12
Q

Hormone released from pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in kidneys. Concentrate urine.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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13
Q

Substance increases blood pressure. Activated in blood by renin, which is enzyme produced in kidneys

A

Angiotensin

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14
Q

Cuplike cavity in pelvis of kidney. Calix

A

Calyx

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15
Q

Hormone produced by kidney,stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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16
Q

Cup shaped structure at beginning of nephron, surrounds glomerus, receives material filtered out of blood. Bowman’s capsule

A

Glomerular capsule

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17
Q

Fluid and dissolved material that filters out of blood and enter nephron through glomerular capsule

A

Glomerular filtrate

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18
Q

Cluster of capillaries within glomerular capsule

A

Glomerulus

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19
Q

Organ of excretion . Filters blood, forms urine which contains metabolic waste and other products to regulate water, electrolyte balance, pH body fluids

A

Kidney

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20
Q

Voiding of urine. Urination.

A

Micturition

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21
Q

Microscopic functional unit of the kidney. Work with blood vessels, filters blood and balances composition of urine

A

Nephron

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22
Q

Outer portion of kidney

A

Renal cortex

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23
Q

Inner portion of kidney. Includes parts of nephrons and ducts that transport urine.

A

Renal medulla

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24
Q

Expanded upper end of ureter that receives urine from kidney

A

Renal pelvis

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25
Q

Triangular structure in the medulla of kidney, made of loops and collecting ducts of nephrons.

A

Renal pyramid

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26
Q

Enzyme produced by kidney that activates angiotensin in blood

A

Renin

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27
Q

Triangle at base of bladder formed by openings of two ureters and urethra

A

Trigone

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28
Q

Return of substances from glomerular filtrate to blood through peritubular capillaries

A

Tubular reabsorption

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29
Q

Main nitrogenous waste in urine

A

Urea

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30
Q

Tube carries urine from kidney to bladder

A

Ureter

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31
Q

Tube carries urine from bladder to outside of body

A

Urethra

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32
Q

Organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by kidneys

A

Urinary bladder

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33
Q

Fluid excreted by kidneys. Contains water, electrolytes, urea, metabolic wastes, pigments.

A

Urine

34
Q

ren/o

A

Kidney

35
Q

nephr/o

A

Kidney

36
Q

glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

37
Q

pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

38
Q

cali/o-

calic/o-

A

Calyx

39
Q

ur/o

A

Urine, urinary tract

40
Q

urin/o

A

Urine

41
Q

ureter/o

A

Ureter

42
Q

cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

43
Q

vesic/o

A

Urinary bladder

44
Q

urethr/o

A

Urethra

45
Q

Excessive acidity of body fluids

A

acidosis

46
Q

Presence of bacteria in urine

A

bacteriuria

47
Q

Solid mould of renal tube found in urine

A

Cast

48
Q

Inflammation of urinary bladder

A

Cystitis

49
Q

Painful/difficult urination

A

Dysuria

50
Q

Inflammation of kidney primarily involving glomeruli

A

Glomerulonephritis

51
Q

Presence of blood in urine

A

Hematuria

52
Q

Collection of urine in renal pelvis caused by obstruction. Nephrohydrosis. Nephydrosis.

A

Hydronephrosis

53
Q

Deficiency of potassium in blood

A

Hypokalemia

54
Q

Deficiency of sodium in blood

A

Hyponatremia

55
Q

Decreased amount of protein in blood

A

Hypoproteinemia

56
Q

Excess amount of potassium in blood

A

Hyperkalemia

57
Q

Excess amount of sodium in blood

A

Hypernatremia

58
Q

Condition that results from glomerular damage leading to loss of protein in urine(proteinuria)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

59
Q

Elimination of small amounts of urine

A

Oliguria

60
Q

Presence of protein(albumin) in urine

A

Proteinuria

61
Q

Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney

A

Pyelonephritis

62
Q

Pus in urine

A

Pyuria

63
Q

Radiating pain in region of kidney associated with passage of a stone

A

Renal colic

64
Q

Toxic levels of nitrogen containing substances (urea) in the blood

A

Uremia

65
Q

Inflammation of urethra

A

Urethritis

66
Q

Stoppage of urine flow

A

Urinary stasis

67
Q

Introduction of tube into passage way

A

Catheterisation

68
Q

Instrument for examining inside of urinary bladder. Remove objects, for surgery, etc.

A

Cystoscope

69
Q

Separation of substances by passage through semipermeable membrane.

A

Dialysis

70
Q

Removal of unwanted substances from blood by passage through semipermeable membrane

A

Hemodialysis

71
Q

Intravenous urography

A

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

72
Q

Radiographic visualization of urinary tract after intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is excreted in urine

A

Intravenous urography (IVU)

73
Q

Crushing of a stone

A

Lithotripsy

74
Q

Removal of unwanted substances from body by introduction of a dialysing fluid into peritoneal cavity followed by removal of fluid

A

Peritoneal dialysis

75
Q

Pyelography in which contrast medium is injected into kidneys by way of ureters

A

Retrograde pyelography

76
Q

Weight of substance compared with weight of equal volume of water.

A

Specific gravity (SG)

77
Q

Laboratory study of urine. Physical, chemical, microscopic appearance all included.

A

Urinalysis

78
Q

Surgical removal of all or part of urinary bladder

A

Cystectomy

79
Q

Diversion of urine by connecting ureters to isolated segment of ileum. Ileal bladder.

A

ileal conduit

80
Q

Incision of organ to remove stone (calculus)

A

Lithotomy

81
Q

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into patient

A

Renal transplantation

Ambers Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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