Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System

Question 1

DM

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus

Question 2

FBS

Answer 2

Fasting blood sugar

Question 3

GH

Answer 3

Growth hormone

Question 4

TSH

Answer 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 5

Gland on superior surface of kidney. Outer region (cortex) secretes steroid hormones. Inner region (medulla) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 5

Adrenal gland

Question 6

Pertaining to ductless gland that secretes directly into the blood

Answer 6

Endocrine

Question 7

A secretion from an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, glands

Answer 7

Hormone

Question 8

The pituitary gland, grows below the hypothalamus

Answer 8

Hypophysis

Question 9

Portion of brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Clusters of endocrine cells in pancreas that secrete hormones to regulate sugar metabolism. Islets of langerhans. Islet cells

Answer 10

Pancreatic islets

Question 11

Small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to increase blood calcium levels.usually four to six of them.

Answer 11

Parathyroid glands

Question 12

Small gland in the brain. Regulate mood, daily rhythms, sexual development in response to environmental light. Secrete hormone melatonin.

Answer 12

Pineal gland

Question 13

Small endocrine gland at the base of brain.
Anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands.
Posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin manufactured in the hypothalamus

Answer 13

Pituitary gland

Question 14

Group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, include stimulation of uterine contractions, regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation

Answer 14

Prostaglandins

Question 15

Site of cell membrane or within cell to which a substance such as a hormone attaches

Answer 15

Receptor

Question 16

Hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

Answer 16

Steroid hormone

Question 17

Specific tissue on which a hormone acts. Target organ

Answer 17

Target tissue

Question 18

Endocrine gland on either side of larynx and upper trachea. Secretes hormone that affects metabolism and growth and a hormone (calcitonin) that regulates calcium balance

Answer 18

Thyroid gland

Question 19

endocrin/o

Answer 19

Endocrine glands or system

Question 20

pituitar

Answer 20

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

Question 21

hypophys

Answer 21

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

Question 22

thyr/o

thyroid/o

Answer 22

Thyroid gland

Question 23

parathyr/o

parathyroid/o

Answer 23

Parathyroid gland

Question 24

adren/o

adrenal/o

Answer 24

adrenal gland, epinephrine

Question 25

adrenocortic/o

Answer 25

adrenal cortex

Question 26

insul/o

Answer 26

Pancreatic islets

Question 27

Overgrowth of bone and soft tissue.(hands, feet, face) due to excess of growth hormone.

Answer 27

Acromegaly

Question 28

Disease resulting from defiance of adrenocortical hormones. Dark song of skin, weakness, alterations in salt/water balance.

Answer 28

Addison disease

Question 29

Neoplasm of a gland

Answer 29

Adenoma

Question 30

Condition caused by congenital lack of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development. Cretinism

Answer 30

Congenital hypothyroidism

Question 31

Overactivity of adrenal cortex resulting from excess production of ACTH by pituitary

Answer 31

Cushing disease

Question 32

Condition from excess of hormone from adrenal cortex. | Obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hirsutism

Answer 32

Cushing syndrome

Question 33

Insufficient release of ADH from posterior pituitary. Excessive thirst, and production of large amounts of very dilute urine.

Answer 33

Diabetes insipidus

Question 34

Disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin. Type 1 autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells(requires insulin administration) Type 2 treated by exercise, diet, drugs to improve insulin production

Answer 34

Diabetes mellitus

Question 35

Protrusion of the eyeballs. Seen in Graves disease

Answer 35

Exophthalmos

Question 36

Overgrowth caused by excess of growth hormone from pituitary. Giantism

Answer 36

Gigantism

Question 37

Test that measures binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of RBC. Shows average blood glucose level over 2/3 months. A 1 c test

Answer 37

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 c) test

Question 38

Excess sugar in urine

Answer 38

Glycosuria

Question 39

Enlargement of thyroid gland. Toxic or non toxic.

Answer 39

Goiter

Question 40

Autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. Diffuse toxic goiter

Answer 40

Graves disease

Question 41

Excess glucose in blood

Answer 41

Hyperglycemia

Question 42

Abnormally low glucose levels in the blood

Answer 42

Hypoglycemia

Question 43

Condition result from overdose in insulin, cause hypoglycemia

Answer 43

Insulin shock

Question 44

Acidosis (increase acidity of bodily fluids) due to excess of ketone bodies

Answer 44

Ketoacidosis

Question 45

State of hyperglycemia due to cellular resistance to insulin. Seen in type 2 diabetes. Syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome

Answer 45

Metabolic syndrome

Question 46

Condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. Dry waxy swelling most notable in the face.

Answer 46

Myxedema

Question 47

Under activity of the entire pituitary gland

Answer 47

Panhypopituitarism

Question 48

Irritability and spasms of muscles

Answer 48

Tetany