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Ambers Medical Terminology > Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

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2
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

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3
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

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4
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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5
Q

Gland on superior surface of kidney. Outer region (cortex) secretes steroid hormones. Inner region (medulla) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

Adrenal gland

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6
Q

Pertaining to ductless gland that secretes directly into the blood

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

A secretion from an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, glands

A

Hormone

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8
Q

The pituitary gland, grows below the hypothalamus

A

Hypophysis

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9
Q

Portion of brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Clusters of endocrine cells in pancreas that secrete hormones to regulate sugar metabolism. Islets of langerhans. Islet cells

A

Pancreatic islets

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11
Q

Small endocrine glands on the posterior thyroid that act to increase blood calcium levels.usually four to six of them.

A

Parathyroid glands

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12
Q

Small gland in the brain. Regulate mood, daily rhythms, sexual development in response to environmental light. Secrete hormone melatonin.

A

Pineal gland

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13
Q

Small endocrine gland at the base of brain.
Anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands.
Posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin manufactured in the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

Group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, include stimulation of uterine contractions, regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

Site of cell membrane or within cell to which a substance such as a hormone attaches

A

Receptor

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16
Q

Hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

Steroid hormone

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17
Q

Specific tissue on which a hormone acts. Target organ

A

Target tissue

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18
Q

Endocrine gland on either side of larynx and upper trachea. Secretes hormone that affects metabolism and growth and a hormone (calcitonin) that regulates calcium balance

A

Thyroid gland

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19
Q

endocrin/o

A

Endocrine glands or system

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20
Q

pituitar

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

21
Q

hypophys

A

Pituitary gland, hypophysis

22
Q

thyr/o

thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

23
Q

parathyr/o

parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

24
Q

adren/o

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland, epinephrine

25
Q

adrenocortic/o

A

adrenal cortex

26
Q

insul/o

A

Pancreatic islets

27
Q

Overgrowth of bone and soft tissue.(hands, feet, face) due to excess of growth hormone.

A

Acromegaly

28
Q

Disease resulting from defiance of adrenocortical hormones. Dark song of skin, weakness, alterations in salt/water balance.

A

Addison disease

29
Q

Neoplasm of a gland

A

Adenoma

30
Q

Condition caused by congenital lack of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development. Cretinism

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

31
Q

Overactivity of adrenal cortex resulting from excess production of ACTH by pituitary

A

Cushing disease

32
Q

Condition from excess of hormone from adrenal cortex.

Obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hirsutism

A

Cushing syndrome

33
Q

Insufficient release of ADH from posterior pituitary. Excessive thirst, and production of large amounts of very dilute urine.

A

Diabetes insipidus

34
Q

Disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or failure of the tissues to respond to insulin.
Type 1 autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells(requires insulin administration)
Type 2 treated by exercise, diet, drugs to improve insulin production

A

Diabetes mellitus

35
Q

Protrusion of the eyeballs. Seen in Graves disease

A

Exophthalmos

36
Q

Overgrowth caused by excess of growth hormone from pituitary. Giantism

A

Gigantism

37
Q

Test that measures binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of RBC. Shows average blood glucose level over 2/3 months. A 1 c test

A

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 c) test

38
Q

Excess sugar in urine

A

Glycosuria

39
Q

Enlargement of thyroid gland. Toxic or non toxic.

A

Goiter

40
Q

Autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. Diffuse toxic goiter

A

Graves disease

41
Q

Excess glucose in blood

A

Hyperglycemia

42
Q

Abnormally low glucose levels in the blood

A

Hypoglycemia

43
Q

Condition result from overdose in insulin, cause hypoglycemia

A

Insulin shock

44
Q

Acidosis (increase acidity of bodily fluids) due to excess of ketone bodies

A

Ketoacidosis

45
Q

State of hyperglycemia due to cellular resistance to insulin. Seen in type 2 diabetes. Syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome

A

Metabolic syndrome

46
Q

Condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult. Dry waxy swelling most notable in the face.

A

Myxedema

47
Q

Under activity of the entire pituitary gland

A

Panhypopituitarism

48
Q

Irritability and spasms of muscles

A

Tetany

Ambers Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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