chapter 17 pt.2

Question 1

the ear is divided into 3 regions

Answer 1

external ear, middle ear and internal ear

Question 2

sound waves

Answer 2

result from the alternate compression and decompression of air molecules

Question 3

sounds vibrate at frequencies between

Answer 3

1000 and 4000 Hertz

Question 4

loud sounds can result in

Answer 4

damage of hair cells (mechanoreceptors) in cochlea which can cause deafness

Question 5

what transmits sound to the eardrum?

Answer 5

external auditory canal

Question 6

what captures sound

Answer 6

auricle in the external ear

Question 7

external ear contains:

Answer 7

auricle, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

Question 8

ceruminous glands

Answer 8

secrete cerumen, keep foreign objects out of tympanic membrane

Question 9

(tympanic cavity) middle ear contains:

Answer 9

malleus, incus, stapes
sound vibration goes from the eardrum to these bones

Question 10

what does the auditory tube regulate

Answer 10

air pressure in the middle ear

Question 11

internal ear contains:

Answer 11

• cochlea that translates vibrations into neural impulses (sound) aka provide sense of hearing
• fluid called endolymph

Question 12

the semicircular canals work with

Answer 12

the cerebellum to provide balance and equilibrium

Question 13

where do you get your sense of gravity and acceleration from?

Answer 13

hair cells in vestibule

Question 14

where do you get your sense of rotation from?

Answer 14

from semicircular canals

Question 15

where do you get your sense of sound?

Answer 15

cochlea

Question 16

static equilibrium

Answer 16

maintenance of body position relative to force of gravity

Question 17

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 17

maintenance of body’s position in response to sudden movements

Question 18

what device in the ear helps us to maintain equilibrium?

Answer 18

vestibular apparatus (semicircular canals, saccule. utricle)

Question 19

what are receptors for static equilibrium

Answer 19

calcium carbonate crystals found in the macula

Question 20

where is the otholithic membrane found?

Answer 20

atop the macula, and it moves with gravity to touch hair cells
the hair cells synapse with the VIII nerve (vestibulocochlear)

Question 21

movement of the head affects …
and this generates

Answer 21

endolymph and hair cells
this generates a potential leading to nerve impulses that travel along the VIII nerve

Question 22

age causes gradual loss of

Answer 22

receptors, elastciity, iris strength and reaction time

Question 23

eyes and ears develop after

Answer 23

22 days of fertilization