Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy 2 > chapter 17 > Flashcards

chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the special senses?

A

olfaction
gustation
equilibrium
hearing
vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when you taste or smell what are you actually interpreting?

A

chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where are olfactory organs found

A

they provide smell and are found in the nasal cavity of both sides of the septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many receptors in the nose?

A

10 to 100 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is olfactory transduction?

A

binding of an odor molecule to an olfactory receptor protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

for olfaction, the action potential travels to the

A

primary olfaction area, after the AP is depolarized by cyclic AMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gustation

A

taste; provides information about foods and liquids consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gustatory epithelial cells/taste receptors

A

found in taste buds which are found on papillae & distributed on the tongue & in pharynx/larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 types of taste

A

sweet sour salty bitter umami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 types of papillae

A

filliform, fungiform, vallate and foliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

taste buds are made of three types of epithelial cells

A

supporting cells, basal stem cells and gustatory receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which cranial nerves are involved with taste?

A
  1. facial nerve (VII) info from anterior of tongue
  2. glossopharyngeal nerve (ix) info from posterior of tongue
  3. vagus nerve (X) info from taste buds of epiglottis and throat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how long do gustatory epithelial cells survive before replacement?

A

about 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

salty and sour receptors are

A

chemically gated ion channels that stimulation produces cell depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sweet bitter and umami receptors are

A

g coupled proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vision

A

enables us to use visible light (400 to 700 nm) to detect visual images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

wavelength

A

distance between two consecutive peaks of an electromagnetic wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are accessory structures of the eye

A

eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

palpaebrae

A

aka eyelids, keep the eyes lubricated and remove dust and debris from the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

palpebral muscles

A

control eyelid movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what separates the upper and lower eyelids?

A

palpebral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tarsal glands

A

small sebaceous glands that are lipid rich and keep the eye from sticking together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tarsal plate

A

fold of CT that gives the eyelids form and house the tarsal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

conjuctiva

A

thin, protective mucous that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera

25
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva due to dilation of blood vessels in conjunctival epithelium

26
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A

produces distributes and drains tears

27
Q

pathway of tears

A

lacrimal glands
lacrimal ducts
lacrimal puncta
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal ducts

28
Q

each lacrimal gland produce about

A

one mL of tears per day

29
Q

eye wall layers

A
  1. outer fibrous layer
  2. intermediate vascular layer
  3. deep inner layer (house photoreceptors)
30
Q

anterior chamber of the eye houses

A

aqueous humor between cornea and iris

31
Q

posterior chamber of the eye houses

A

aqueous humor between iris and lens

32
Q

the large posterior cavity of the eye is filled with

A

a gel like susbtance called the vitreous humor

33
Q

fibrous layer

A
  • outermost layer of the eye
    contains sclera, cornea and corneal limbus
  • supports and protect the eye
  • attachment sight for extrinsic eye muscles
  • focus structures
34
Q

corneal limbus

A

border between cornea and sclera

35
Q

vascular layer is made up of the … and its functions are

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid
- route for blood vessels and lymphatic supply to eye tissue
- regulates light that enters the eye
- secretes and reabsorbs aqueous humor
- controls lens shape

36
Q

iris

A

pigmented, flat ring structure
contains papillary muscles that change the diameter of the pupil

37
Q

ciliary body

A

thickened region where the iris attaches
extends to the ora serrata
contains ciliary processes and ciliary muscle that attach the lens to the ciliary process

38
Q

ora serrata

A

serrated anterior edge of the neural layer of the retina

39
Q

choroid

A

vascular layer that separates fibrous and inner layers posterior to ora serrata
deliver oxygen and nutrients to retina

40
Q

inner layer

A

made of the pigmented layer and neural layer

41
Q

pigmented layer

A

contain pigment cells that support the function of photoreceptors in the neural layer

42
Q

what kind of signal or chemical stimulates vision?

A

photons in 400 to 700 nm

43
Q

where are photoreceptors found in the eye?

A

in the retina/neural layer

44
Q

what are two types of photoreceptors?

A

cones and rods

45
Q

what are the major functions of the eye?

A
46
Q

what are the accessory structures of the eye and its functions?

A
47
Q

rods

A

high sensitivity to light, help us to see in dim light room

48
Q

cones

A

give us color vision, require more intense light
found in fovea at the center of macula

49
Q

rod and cone information pathway

A

outer synaptic layer- bipolar cells - inner synaptic layer - ganglion cells - optic nerve

50
Q

light pathway

A

cornea- anterior chamber- pupil- posterior chamber- lens- vitreous humor- retina

51
Q

light refraction

A

occurs at the junction when light passes through a transparent substance that has one density, into another transparent substance with another density

52
Q

where are images projected onto?

A

central fovea, where vision is the sharpest

53
Q

astigmatism

A

the cornea/lens has an irregular curve causing distorted vision

54
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness, need a concave lens
image converges in front of retina (small eyeball)

55
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness, need a convex lens
image converges behind retina (long eyeball)

56
Q

rods and cones convert photoreceptors into

A

neural impulses

57
Q

photopigments necessary for absorption of light initiate

A

production of a receptor potential

58
Q

In the dark rods release what NT

A

Glutamate (inhibitory)

anatomy 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions