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Psychology Final > Chapter 17 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

study of disorders of mind, mood, and behavior

A

abnormal psychology, pathopsychology

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2
Q

characteristic thought or behavior that indicates a potential mental disorder

A

symptom

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3
Q

combination of interrelated symptoms observed in an individual

A

syndrome

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4
Q

condition in which a person suffers from two or more mental disorders

A

comorbidity

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5
Q

comorbid existence of a mental disorder and substance abuse

A

dual diagnosis

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6
Q

prediction of the typical course of a disease and the likelihood of recovery

A

prognosis

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7
Q

label for a person’s mental disorder assigned by identifying and classifying patterns of behavior

A

psychological diagnosis

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8
Q

refers to the need to consider the individual characteristics of a culture in which a person with a disorder was raised in order to diagnose and treat the disorder

A

cultural relativity

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9
Q

any disorder that is limited to a particular cultural group

A

culture-bound syndrome

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10
Q

refers to the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes, and cures

A

medical model

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11
Q

method of analyzing a psychological disorder in which physical problems are looked for as the root cause

A

biological approach

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12
Q

method of analyzing a psychological disorder in which unconscious conflicts and other possible underlying psychological factors are examined

A

psychoanalytic approach

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13
Q

approach to psychology that concentrates on observable behavior that can be directly measured and recorded

A

behavioral approach

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14
Q

method of analyzing a psychological disorder that focuses on through processes that contribute to psychological distress

A

cognitive approach

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15
Q

method of analyzing a psychological disorder that recognizes that it is not possible to separate body and mind; negative emotions can contribute to physical illness, while physical abnormalities may increase the likelihood of psychological disorders

A

biopsychosocial approach

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16
Q

an existing underlying factor that makes an individual particularly susceptible to a certain disorder

A

predisposing cause

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17
Q

event in a person’s day-to-day life that brings on a particular disorder

A

precipitating cause

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18
Q

consequence of a disorder that helps keep it going once it has manifested

A

perpetuating cause

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19
Q

mental disorder in which a person feels anxious all the time without any identifiable reason

A

anxiety disorder

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20
Q

type of anxiety disorder in which a person feel inexplicable and continually tense and uneasy

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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21
Q

a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation

A

phobia

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22
Q

an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

A

social phobia

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23
Q

condition in which sufferers come to fear the possibility of another panic attack following an initial attack

A

panic disorder

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24
Q

intense fear of being in a situation from which there is no escape

A

agoraphobia

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25
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts or to perform senseless rituals

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

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26
Q

anxiety disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing out-of-control events with feelings of helplessness and fear

A

posttraumatic stress disorder

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27
Q

mental disorder in which a person regularly experiences emotional extremes

A

mood disorder

28
Q

mood disorder characterized by prolonged or extreme periods of depression

A

depressive disorder

29
Q

mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania

A

bipolar disorder

30
Q

mood disorder characterized by signs of severe depression that last for more than two weeks with no apparent cause

A

major depressive disorder (MDD)

31
Q

chronic, but less severe form of depression that lasts for two years or more

A

dysthymia

32
Q

condition in which bouts of major depression are superimposed over a state of dysthymia

A

double depression

33
Q

a mood disorder in which a person gets depressed only at certain times of the year

A

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

34
Q

period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy ,and a decreased need for sleep

A

mania

35
Q

milder form of mania that causes less severe mood elevations and does not interfere with normal daily functioning to the same extent as mania

A

hypomania

36
Q

occurs when a person with a bipolar disorder experiences more than four episodes of either mania or depression a year

A

rapid cycling

37
Q

describes a pattern of pessimistic or negative thoughts

A

negative cognitive style

38
Q

type of questionnaire that seeks to assess how people view the events that happen in their lives based on three criteria: stability, globality, and locus

A

attributional-style questionnaire

39
Q

describes a feeling of hopelessness and passivity caused by being unable to avoid or control traumatic events

A

learned helplessness

40
Q

mental disorder that causes a person to experience distorted perceptions, inappropriate emotions or reactions, and confusion

A

schizophrenia

41
Q

a persistent false belief

A

delusion

42
Q

false sensory perception that a person believes to be real

A

hallucination

43
Q

symptom that reflects an excess or distortion of normal functions, such delusions and hallucinations

A

positive symptom

44
Q

symptom that indicates a decrease in normal functions such as attention or emotion

A

negative symptom

45
Q

suggests that people are genetically predisposed to a particular mental disorder but will develop the disorder only if exposed to environmental or emotional stress during critical developmental periods

A

diathesis-stress hypothesis

46
Q

rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior that makes it difficult for individuals to have normal social relations

A

personality disorder

47
Q

characterized by peculiar or eccentric mannerisms and difficulty forming social relationships

A

schizotypal personality disorder

48
Q

characterized by extreme suspicion and distrust of others

A

paranoid personality disorder

49
Q

causes people to show very little interest in others and have few personal relationships

A

schizoid personality disorder

50
Q

characterized by unstable moods, intense and stormy relationships, and manipulation and distrust of others

A

borderline personality disorder

51
Q

characterized by a complete lack of conscience

A

antisocial personality disorder

52
Q

characterized by a tendency to overreact to situations, excessive emotionality, and the use of manipulation to gain the attention of others

A

histrionic personality disorder

53
Q

characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a deep need for admiration

A

narcissistic personality disorder

54
Q

characterized by high levels of social anxiety and feelings of inadequacy

A

avoidant personality disorder

55
Q

characterized by clingy, needy behavior

A

dependent personality disorder

56
Q

characterized by obsessive neatness, difficulty delegating tasks because of a fear the tasks will be completed in a substandard manner, and a preoccupation with rules, schedules, and order

A

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

57
Q

condition in which the normal cognitive processes are fragmented, causing a sudden loss of memory or change in personality

A

dissociative disorder

58
Q

disorder that causes a sudden memory loss

A

dissociative amnesia

59
Q

disorder characterized by a sudden loss of memory accompanied by an abrupt departure from home

A

dissociative fugue

60
Q

disorder in which a person seems to experience two or more personalities in one body

A

dissociative identity disorder

61
Q

disorder characterized by physical symptoms that do not have an identifiable cause

A

somatoform disorder

62
Q

somatoform disorder characterized by vague, unverifiable symptoms, such as dizziness and nausea

A

somatization disorder

63
Q

somatoform disorder characterized by sudden, temporary loss of sensory function

A

conversion disorder

64
Q

disorder in which a person finds it difficult to focus his attention and is easily distracted

A

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

65
Q

developmental disorder that impedes social development and communication skills

A

autism

66
Q

syndrome in which a person has normal levels of intelligence and cognitive abilities but displays autistic-like social behaviors

A

asperger syndrome

Psychology Final (9 decks)

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