Chapter 11 - Sex & Gender Flashcards
biological classification based on sex chromosomes contained in DNA
sex
exist as an unmatched pair in males
X and Y chromosomes
exist as a matched par in females
X chromosomes
set of behaviors and characteristics that define individuals as boy and men or girls and women in society
gender
first sex organs to develop; identical in male and female fetuses for the first four weeks of prenatal development
gonads
the precursor of female sex organs
Mullerian system
the precursor or male sex organs
Wolffian system
male hormones
androgens
consist of the penis and scrotum in males and the labia, clitoris, and external vagina in females
external genetalia
condition in which a genetically male fetus’ receptors for androgens fail to function, resulting in the development of external female genetalia
androgen insensitivity syndrome
an androgen that is the principle male hormone
testosterone
a person’t sense of being a boy or girl, man or woman
gender identity
refers to those people who are born with nonstandard male or female genitals
intersex
refers to boys and men who show traditionally masculine behavior, and girls and women who show traditionally feminine traits and behaviors
gender typed
people who are neither specifically masculine or femenine
androgynous
a condition in which a person feels he or she was born with the body of the wrong sex
gender identity disorder
a person who has had sex reassignment surgery
transgender
emphasizes the role of cognition in motivation and the importance of expectations in shaping behavior
social learning theory
states that the process of gender differentiation begins at a very young age; as children develop the schemas for other things around them, they also develop a schema for their gender and adjust their behavior to align to it
gender schema theory
expectations about the way men and women behave
gender roles
widely help concept about a person or group of people that is based only on gender
gender stereotype
consists of prejudice and unfair treatment against men or women based on gender stereotypes
sexism
acceptance or positive stereotypes or favorable biased behavior that propagates unfairness and inequalities based on gender
benevolent sexism
phenomenon in which males are more likely than females to guess at answers to difficult questions rather than reveal their uncertainty
male answer syndrome
described enduring sexual attraction toward members or our own sex, the other sex, or both
sexual orientation
the degree to which the sex drive is shaped by cultural, social, and situational factors
erotic plasticity
