Chapter 17 - Inherited change Flashcards
Define genotype
The genetic composition of an organism
Define phenotype
Characteristics of an organism, often a visible display resulting from both genotype and effects of the environment
Define alleles
One of a number of alternative forms of a gene
Define Locus
A particular position of a gene on a chromosome/ DNA molecule
Define Homozygous
A condition in which the alleles of a particular gene are identical
Define Heterozygous
A condition in which the alleles of a particular gene are different
Define Dominant
A term applied to an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism
Define Recessive
the condition in which the effects of an allele is apparent in the phenotype of a diploid organism, only in the presence of another identical allele
Define Co-dominance
A condition in which both alleles for 1 gene in a heterozygous organism contributes to the phenotype
Define Multiple alleles
A term used to describe a gene that has 2 or more possible alleles.
Define sex linkage
A gene which is found on 1 of the sex chromosomes and not the other
Define gene
a length of DNA, that is, a sequence of nucleotide bases, that normally codes for a particular polypeptide
Define monohybrid inheritance
inheritance of a phenotype controlled by 1 gene
Define pure breeding
breeding that leads to the formation of offspring which will display the same phenotype
What is a test cross
Allows you to identify whether an organism is displaying a phenotype with a dominant characteristic is homozygous dominant or heterozyous
