chapter 17 ap history

Question 1

Patents

Answer 1

Protect on idea by putting your name on it, no one can steal the idea

Question 2

Cyrus W. Field

Answer 2

Laid first transatlantic telegraph cable

Question 3

Bessemer process

Answer 3

Convert iron to steel by blowing air through molten air to burn out impurities

Question 4

Standard oil

Answer 4

Owned 90% of oil(Rockefeller). George Bissel discovered oil as a fuel source.

Question 5

Taylorism

Answer 5

Manage human labor and make it compatible with demands of machine age, sub divide tasks for quicker production

Question 6

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Answer 6

One of the men who owned vast amounts of railroad, aided in expanding railroad

Question 7

Corporations

Answer 7

Came up when individuals could no longer finance their great ventures; raise money by selling stock to public

Question 8

Stock

Answer 8

Capital raised by businesses through the issue of shares

Question 9

Limited liability

Answer 9

Only risk how much you invest

Question 10

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 10

Scottish immigrant who was the “rags to riches” man, dominated the steel industry, and believed in sharing wealth with society

Question 11

J. Pierpont Morgan

Answer 11

Bought out Carnegie interests for $450 million and merged with others to form United States Steel Corporation

Question 12

Consolidation

Answer 12

Process of businesses combining into one powerful corporation

Question 13

Horizontal integration

Answer 13

Combine firms engaged in the same enterprise into one corporation

Question 14

Vertical integration

Answer 14

Take over different enterprises you rely on for primary functions

Question 15

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 15

Created the standard oil company of Ohio, served as the leading symbol of monopoly in the 1880s

Question 16

Holding company

Answer 16

A central corporate body the would buy up the stock of various members of the standard oil trust and establish direct, formal ownership of the corporations in the trust

Question 17

Erie war

Answer 17

1868 Cornelius Vanderbilt battled jay gould and Jim Fisk for control of the Erie railroad, both sides offered bribes during the dispute

Question 18

Social Darwinism

Answer 18

Charles Darwin’s laws of evolution and natural selection among species to human society, only the fittest individuals survive and flourish in the marketplace

Question 19

Herbert spencer

Answer 19

English philosopher who was the first and most important proponent of social Darwinism; society benefitted from the elimination of the unfit and the survival of the strong and talented

Question 20

Adam smith

Answer 20

Defined the law of supply and demand

Question 21

Gospel of wealth

Answer 21

1901 book written by Andrew Carnegie which stated that the wealthy should consider all revenues in excess of their own needs as trust funds to be used for the good of the community

Question 22

Acres of diamonds

Answer 22

Idea delivered by Russell H. Conwell in which he told storied of individuals who had found opportunities for extraordinary wealth in their own backyards; one farmer found a diamond mine in his field

Question 23

Horatio Alger

Answer 23

Most famous promoter of the success story who grew very wealthy from his writings

Question 24

Dynamic sociology

Answer 24

1883 Lester frank ward argued that civilization was not governed by natural selection but by human intelligence, which was capable of shaping society as it wished

Question 25

Laissez-fairs

Answer 25

Abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market

Question 26

Progress and poverty

Answer 26

Published by Henry George of California in 1879 which became one of the best selling nonfiction works in American publishing history; explained why poverty existed amidst the wealth created by modern industry

Question 27

Looking backward

Answer 27

1888 Utopian novel by Edward Bellamy which described the experience of a young Bostonian who went into a hypnotic sleep in 1887 and awoke in 2000 to a new societal order where want, politics, and vice were unknown

Question 28

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 28

1882 banned Chinese immigration into U.S. For 10 Years And barred Chinese already in U.S. from becoming naturalized citizens

Question 29

Spindletop oil field

Answer 29

One of the greatest oil deposits in U.S., TX, standard oil

Question 30

Child labor laws

Answer 30

Tried to limit the number of children working

Question 31

National labor union

Answer 31

A polyglot association claiming 640,000 members that included a variety of reform groups having little direct relationships with labor

Question 32

Molly maguires

Answer 32

A militant labor organization in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania, sometimes used terrorist tactics

Question 33

Knights of labor

Answer 33

Led by Uriah S. Stephens, membership was open to all who “toiled,” welcomed women members, founded in 1869, hoped to replace Wage system with cooperative system

Question 34

Terence Powderly

Answer 34

Led the Knights of labor to move into the open and expand

Question 35

AFL

Answer 35

Became the most important and enduring labor group in the country; represented mainly skilled workers; sought equal pay for women but they were not allowed to join the federation; American federation of labor

Question 36

Samuel Gompers

Answer 36

Powerful leader of the AFL, believed women should stay in the home

Question 37

Haymarket square

Answer 37

Labor and radical leaders called a protest meeting here, someone threw a bomb that killed 7 officers and injured 67 others after the police ordered the crowd to disperse; police began to fire into the crowd

Question 38

Homestead strike

Answer 38

Wages were being cut at the homestead plant, workers came together and formed the Amalgamated; the Pinkertons were brought in to shut down the strike and violence broke out; the Amalgamated won but the government broke in and brought an end to the strike

Question 39

Pullman Strike

Answer 39

A strike that broke out because the Pullman Palace Car Co. reduced wages but did not reduce the rent on the house their workers lived in

Question 40

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 40

Led the American Railway Union; refused to handle Pullman cars to support the Pullman palace cars co. Strike

Question 41

Peter Altegeld

Answer 41

Governor of Illinois, favored strikes and governed in their favor

Question 42

Labor Contract Laws

Answer 42

Permitted employers to pay for the passage of workers in advance and deduct the amount later from their wages