ch 22 Flashcards
Trustbuster
Idea of destroying all trust; Roosevelt made a few highly publicized efforts to break up combinations
Northern securities co
A $400 million enterprise created by J.P. Morgan, E.H. Harriman, and James J. Hill; 1904 the Supreme Court ruled to dissolve it
Square deal
Roosevelt’s plan for reelection that would be equal to all sides
Hepburn railroad regulation act
1906 sought to restore some regulatory authority in the RR to the gov; only satisfied a few progressives
Pure food and drug act
Prohibited the manufacturing, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs
Meat inspection act
Outlawed misleading labels and dangerous chemical preservatives
Gifford Pinchot
Roosevelt’s chief forester and the first director of the national forest service
John muir
Nation’s leading preservationist and the founder of the sierra club
National reclamation act
1902 provided federal funds for the construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals in the west; aka Newlands Act
Forest reserve act
Enabled president to set aside public lands wholly or in part covered with timber or undergrowth
William H. Taft
Became pres in 1909; was roosevelt’s most trusted lieutenant and hand picked successor; beat William bryans
Payne Aldrich tariff
Reduced tariff rates scarcely at all and in some area raised them
New nationalism
Social justice only possible through strong efforts of gov(roosevelts idea); support of graduated income and inheritance taxes, compensation, and regulation of corps.
Progressive party
Roosevelt created this party; bull moose party; it failed
Woodrow Wilson
Gov of New Jersey, he presented a progressive program called new freedom, he became pres in 1912
New freedom
Wilson’s progressive idea against monopolies(against bigness)
Colonel Edward m. House
Roosevelt’s most powerful advisor
Underwood Simmons tariff
Passed in a special session of congress summoned by Wilson; provided cuts substantial enough, progressives believed, to introduce real competition to American markets and break power of trusts
Federal reserve act
Major reform of American banking system initiated by Wilson; created 12 regional banks, each owned and controlled by ind. banks of its district
Federal trade commission act
Created a regulatory agency that would help businesses determine if their actions would be acceptable to the gov
Clayton antitrust act
Gave gov the right to supervise monopolies; Wilson lost interest & did little to protect it from conservative attacks
Louis Brandeis
Appointed to Supreme Court by Wilson; first Jew and most advanced progressive to serve there; wrote “Other People’s Money”
Portsmouth conference
A peace conference at Portsmouth, new Hampshire in 1905; Roosevelt prompted Russian recognition of Japan’s territorial gains and a Japanese agreement to cease the fighting and expansion
Russo Japanese war
War between Russia and Japan in which Russia’s fleet at port arthur was destroyed and Japan emerged as the preeminent naval power in the pacific
