Chapter 17 and 18 - Nutrition and miscellaneous

Question 1

What are the essential PUFAs for dogs?

Answer 1

Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid

Question 2

What are the essential PUFAs for cats?

Answer 2

Linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid and arachidonic acid

Question 3

PUFAs with double bonds at the 3 and 6 carbon positioned from the carboxyl end are referred to as what?

Answer 3

Omega-3 and omega-6 (essential plasma cell membrane components)

Question 4

Linoleic acid is an important part of which epidermal molecule?

Answer 4

Cermamide

Question 5

Dogs can biotransform linoleic acid to what?

Answer 5

Arachidonic acid

Question 6

How does arachidonic acid regulate epidermal proliferation?

Answer 6

Via metabolism into prostaglandin E2

Question 7

Zinc is involved in the metabolism of which vitamin?

Answer 7

Vitamin A

Question 8

Why do zinc deficient dogs show a decreased appetite?

Answer 8

Decreased sense of taste and smell

Question 9

Which disease is associated with a genetic defect leading to inhibited zinc absorption and utilisation?

Answer 9

Lethal acrodermatitis of Bull Terriers

Question 10

Which class of drugs can increase gastrointestinal zinc absorption by induction of metallothionein?

Answer 10

Corticosteroids

Question 11

What type of hyperkeratosis is seen with zinc deficiency?

Answer 11

Parakeratotic

Question 12

Which bacterial species are commonly used in probioitcs?

Answer 12

Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Enterococcus

Question 13

Lactobacillus has been genetically engineered to produce which cytokine?

Answer 13

IL-10 (tolerance)

Question 14

Which breeds are reportedly affected by granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 14

Standard Poodle
Viszla
Akita
GSD
Samoyed

Question 15

What are the early signs of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis in long-coated dogs?

Answer 15

Change in hair colour or from curly to straight hair

Question 16

What is a common secondary feature of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 16

Bacterial folliculitis/furunculosis

Question 17

What are the early signs of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis in short coated dogs?

Answer 17

Annular areas of scaling and alopecia

Question 18

Which anatomical sites are initially affected with granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 18

Cranial dorsum
Pinnae
Tail

Question 19

Idiopathic lichenoid dermatosis usually resolves in what time frame?

Answer 19

6m - 2y

Question 20

Which infectious agents can target the panniculus?

Answer 20

Norcardia and mycobacteria

Question 21

Inflammation or neoplasia of which organ is associated with panniculitis?

Answer 21

Pancreas

Question 22

In cats, panniculitis lesions are solitary in what percent of cases?

Answer 22

95%

Question 23

Histologically, classical split pad disease resembles what type of injury?

Answer 23

A burn - severe coagulation necrosis

Question 24

What is the clinical difference between feline acquired skin fragility and paraneoplastic alopecia?

Answer 24

Skin may be thin/glistening but does not tear easily with paraneoplastic alopecia

Question 25

What are areas of collagen surrounded by cytolytic eosinophils and extruded granular material known as?

Answer 25

Flame figures

Question 26

Which virus should test cats for if they have plasma cell pododermatitis?

Answer 26

FIV

Question 27

Which enzyme cats have in very low concentration and cannot synthesize arachidonic acid?

Answer 27

Δ-6 desaturase

Question 28

Which substances are derived from arachidonic acid?

Answer 28

Prostaglandins (important prost.E2)

Leukotrienes

Question 29

Name treatment options for ear tip ulcerative dermatitis

Answer 29

• Topical glucocorticoids or tacrolimus
• Pentoxifylline
• Vitamin E
• Doxycycline
• Tetracycline and nicotinamide
• Sulfonamides
• Oclacitinib
• Systemic glucocorticoids
• Ciclosporin
• Surgical correction

Question 30

Dogs with ear tip ulcerative dermatitis treated with oclacitinib improved in what time frame and with what dose?

Answer 30

1-3 months

0.4–0.6 mg/kg BID or SID

Question 31

Which diseases can be associated with ear tip ulcerative dermatitis in dogs?

Answer 31

• Leishmaniosis
• Bartonellosis (Bartonella henselae)
• Experimental infection with Rickettsia rickettsia
• Frostbite
• Cryo-globulinaemia and cryofibrinogenaemia
• Breed-specific (familial) vasculitides

Question 32

Name the clinicopathological features of cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) in dogs

Answer 32

1. Limb lesions were present in 80.9% at presentation.
2. Median time from appearance of a lesion to AKI was 3 days (range−4–45days).
3. Neurological signs occurred 18.6% including at presentation.
4. Systemic signs were present in 7.3% prior to a skin lesion.
5. Thrombocytopenia was present in 83.9%

Question 33

What are the histopath findings in zinc responsive dermatosis?

Answer 33

1. Typically mild/multifocal to moderate/diffuse parakeratosis overlying an acanthotic and spongiotic epidermis.
2. Lesions may also extend to the superficial hair follicles
3. Superficial perivascular-to-interstitial inflammation, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 34

In dogs with acral lick dermatitis, Relaxzyme, an oral product containing proteolytic enzymes, bromelain, papain and rutin, had what effect?

Answer 34

Reduced licking and lesion severity within 18 days.

• Bromelain and papain reduce inflammation and swelling, and enhance wound healing.
• Rutin improves blood flow, scavenges free radicals and dissolves fibrin clots and dead cells.