Chapter 17 and 18 - Nutrition and miscellaneous Flashcards
What are the essential PUFAs for dogs?
Linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid
What are the essential PUFAs for cats?
Linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid and arachidonic acid
PUFAs with double bonds at the 3 and 6 carbon positioned from the carboxyl end are referred to as what?
Omega-3 and omega-6 (essential plasma cell membrane components)
Linoleic acid is an important part of which epidermal molecule?
Cermamide
Dogs can biotransform linoleic acid to what?
Arachidonic acid
How does arachidonic acid regulate epidermal proliferation?
Via metabolism into prostaglandin E2
Zinc is involved in the metabolism of which vitamin?
Vitamin A
Why do zinc deficient dogs show a decreased appetite?
Decreased sense of taste and smell
Which disease is associated with a genetic defect leading to inhibited zinc absorption and utilisation?
Lethal acrodermatitis of Bull Terriers
Which class of drugs can increase gastrointestinal zinc absorption by induction of metallothionein?
Corticosteroids
What type of hyperkeratosis is seen with zinc deficiency?
Parakeratotic
Which bacterial species are commonly used in probioitcs?
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Enterococcus
Lactobacillus has been genetically engineered to produce which cytokine?
IL-10 (tolerance)
Which breeds are reportedly affected by granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?
Standard Poodle Viszla Akita GSD Samoyed
What are the early signs of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis in long-coated dogs?
Change in hair colour or from curly to straight hair
What is a common secondary feature of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?
Bacterial folliculitis/furunculosis
What are the early signs of granulomatous sebaceous adenitis in short coated dogs?
Annular areas of scaling and alopecia
Which anatomical sites are initially affected with granulomatous sebaceous adenitis?
Cranial dorsum
Pinnae
Tail
Idiopathic lichenoid dermatosis usually resolves in what time frame?
6m - 2y
Which infectious agents can target the panniculus?
Norcardia and mycobacteria
Inflammation or neoplasia of which organ is associated with panniculitis?
Pancreas
In cats, panniculitis lesions are solitary in what percent of cases?
95%
Histologically, classical split pad disease resembles what type of injury?
A burn - severe coagulation necrosis
What is the clinical difference between feline acquired skin fragility and paraneoplastic alopecia?
Skin may be thin/glistening but does not tear easily with paraneoplastic alopecia
What are areas of collagen surrounded by cytolytic eosinophils and extruded granular material known as?
Flame figures
Which virus should test cats for if they have plasma cell pododermatitis?
FIV
Which enzyme cats have in very low concentration and cannot synthesize arachidonic acid?
Δ-6 desaturase
Which substances are derived from arachidonic acid?
Prostaglandins (important prost.E2)
Leukotrienes
Name treatment options for ear tip ulcerative dermatitis
- Topical glucocorticoids or tacrolimus
- Pentoxifylline
- Vitamin E
- Doxycycline
- Tetracycline and nicotinamide
- Sulfonamides
- Oclacitinib
- Systemic glucocorticoids
- Ciclosporin
- Surgical correction
Dogs with ear tip ulcerative dermatitis treated with oclacitinib improved in what time frame and with what dose?
1-3 months
0.4–0.6 mg/kg BID or SID
Which diseases can be associated with ear tip ulcerative dermatitis in dogs?
- Leishmaniosis
- Bartonellosis (Bartonella henselae)
- Experimental infection with Rickettsia rickettsia
- Frostbite
- Cryo-globulinaemia and cryofibrinogenaemia
- Breed-specific (familial) vasculitides
Name the clinicopathological features of cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) in dogs
- Limb lesions were present in 80.9% at presentation.
- Median time from appearance of a lesion to AKI was 3 days (range−4–45days).
- Neurological signs occurred 18.6% including at presentation.
- Systemic signs were present in 7.3% prior to a skin lesion.
- Thrombocytopenia was present in 83.9%
What are the histopath findings in zinc responsive dermatosis?
- Typically mild/multifocal to moderate/diffuse parakeratosis overlying an acanthotic and spongiotic epidermis.
- Lesions may also extend to the superficial hair follicles
- Superficial perivascular-to-interstitial inflammation, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils
In dogs with acral lick dermatitis, Relaxzyme, an oral product containing proteolytic enzymes, bromelain, papain and rutin, had what effect?
Reduced licking and lesion severity within 18 days.
- Bromelain and papain reduce inflammation and swelling, and enhance wound healing.
- Rutin improves blood flow, scavenges free radicals and dissolves fibrin clots and dead cells.
