Chapter 17 Flashcards
Virulence
The ability of organism to overcome host defenses
First line defense against the invasion of pathogens
Mechanical and chemical barriers, such as skin
Mucous membranes
Body secretions
Certain reflexes
Two components of second defense
Phagocytes WBC
Natural killer cells
Three ways fever boosts the immune system
Stimulates phagocytes (wbc)
Increases metabolism
Decreases certain disease organism
Adaptive immunity
an individual who can overcome a disease or it’s harmful products.
Antigen
Any substance that induces an immune response.
Four types of t-cells
Cytotoxic (destroys directly)
Helper (releases interleukins to help the immune system)
Regulatory (Suppresses)
Memory (remember an antigen)
APC Role
Antigen presenting cells mobilizes the immune system against a particular foreign antigen.
Antibody
Substance produced in response to antigen. (Immunoglobulin.)
Cells that produce antibodies
B cell (lymphocytes)
Active form of adaptive immunity
Develops naturally through contact with a specific disease.
Natural passive
Is passed from another source. Mom to fetus.
Natural adoptive immunity
When the body produces antibodies in response to pathogen.
Artificial immunity
Involves an outside source to obtain antibodies
Vaccine
A prepared substance that initiates the immune response to a specific pathogen.
Booster
Is an artificial immunity to help maintain a high titer of antibodies in the blood.
Antiserum
Ready to made serum that gives short-lived but effective protection against the organism.
Anti sera
Used for animals, particularly horses which produces a large amount of antibodies.
4 types of immune disorders
Allergy
Autoimmunity
Immune deficiency disease
Multiple myeloma
Second line of defense
Initiated cells and chemicals in the body.
Phagocytosis
WBC are taken in and destroys wastes and foreign materials.
Neutrophils
Granular wbc
Macrophages
Large wbc known as the big eater
Cytokines and other chemicals
Interferons- interfere
Compliments- a group of proteins that help antibody, destroys foreign cells.
Natural killer cells
A type of lymphocytes that destroys abnormal cells.
Adoptive Immunity characteristics
Specific: responding to a specific pathogen.
Acquired- a specific particular disease and develops in a person’s lifetime
Antigen
Most are proteins
Substance that cause immune response
T-cells characteristic
Mature in thymus
Provide cell-mediated immunity
Originates (bone marrow)
Example of Antigen
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Some lymphocytes
B cells characteristics
Mature in red bone marrow
Produced antibodies
Provide humoral immunity
B cell types
Plasma cells-secrete antibodies
Memory B cells
Functions of B cells
Bind together Prevent attachment Promote phagocytes Active NK cells Neutralized toxins Active complement
Allergy
Anaphylaxis(swelling of the tongue) Releases histamine Treatment: Anti Histamine Epinephrine
Multiple Myeloma
Cancel in the blood forming cells in the bone marrow.
