Chapter 17

Question 1

Virulence

Answer 1

The ability of organism to overcome host defenses

Question 2

First line defense against the invasion of pathogens

Answer 2

Mechanical and chemical barriers, such as skin
Mucous membranes
Body secretions
Certain reflexes

Question 3

Two components of second defense

Answer 3

Phagocytes WBC

Natural killer cells

Question 4

Three ways fever boosts the immune system

Answer 4

Stimulates phagocytes (wbc)
Increases metabolism
Decreases certain disease organism

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

an individual who can overcome a disease or it’s harmful products.

Question 6

Antigen

Answer 6

Any substance that induces an immune response.

Question 7

Four types of t-cells

Answer 7

Cytotoxic (destroys directly)
Helper (releases interleukins to help the immune system)
Regulatory (Suppresses)
Memory (remember an antigen)

Question 8

APC Role

Answer 8

Antigen presenting cells mobilizes the immune system against a particular foreign antigen.

Question 9

Antibody

Answer 9

Substance produced in response to antigen. (Immunoglobulin.)

Question 10

Cells that produce antibodies

Answer 10

B cell (lymphocytes)

Question 11

Active form of adaptive immunity

Answer 11

Develops naturally through contact with a specific disease.

Question 12

Natural passive

Answer 12

Is passed from another source. Mom to fetus.

Question 13

Natural adoptive immunity

Answer 13

When the body produces antibodies in response to pathogen.

Question 14

Artificial immunity

Answer 14

Involves an outside source to obtain antibodies

Question 15

Vaccine

Answer 15

A prepared substance that initiates the immune response to a specific pathogen.

Question 16

Booster

Answer 16

Is an artificial immunity to help maintain a high titer of antibodies in the blood.

Question 17

Antiserum

Answer 17

Ready to made serum that gives short-lived but effective protection against the organism.

Question 18

Anti sera

Answer 18

Used for animals, particularly horses which produces a large amount of antibodies.

Question 19

4 types of immune disorders

Answer 19

Allergy
Autoimmunity
Immune deficiency disease
Multiple myeloma

Question 20

Second line of defense

Answer 20

Initiated cells and chemicals in the body.

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

WBC are taken in and destroys wastes and foreign materials.

Question 22

Neutrophils

Answer 22

Granular wbc

Question 23

Macrophages

Answer 23

Large wbc known as the big eater

Question 24

Cytokines and other chemicals

Answer 24

Interferons- interfere

Compliments- a group of proteins that help antibody, destroys foreign cells.

Question 25

Natural killer cells

Answer 25

A type of lymphocytes that destroys abnormal cells.

Question 26

Adoptive Immunity characteristics

Answer 26

Specific: responding to a specific pathogen. | Acquired- a specific particular disease and develops in a person’s lifetime

Question 27

Antigen

Answer 27

Most are proteins | Substance that cause immune response

Question 28

T-cells characteristic

Answer 28

Mature in thymus Provide cell-mediated immunity Originates (bone marrow)

Question 29

Example of Antigen

Answer 29

Dendritic cells Macrophages Some lymphocytes

Question 30

B cells characteristics

Answer 30

Mature in red bone marrow Produced antibodies Provide humoral immunity

Question 31

B cell types

Answer 31

Plasma cells-secrete antibodies | Memory B cells

Question 32

Functions of B cells

Answer 32

``` Bind together Prevent attachment Promote phagocytes Active NK cells Neutralized toxins Active complement ```

Question 33

Allergy

Answer 33

``` Anaphylaxis(swelling of the tongue) Releases histamine Treatment: Anti Histamine Epinephrine ```

Question 34

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 34

Cancel in the blood forming cells in the bone marrow.