Chapter 17

Question 1

What is chromatin remodelling

Answer 1

Remodeling complexes bind to DNA and reposition the nucleosomes

Question 2

What is histone methylation

Answer 2

Methyl groups either added by methyltransferases, or removed by demethylases

Question 3

What is histone acetylation

Answer 3

Acetyl groups either added by acetyltransferases or removed by deacetylases

Question 4

What effect does methylation typically have on transcription?

Answer 4

Decreases it

Question 5

What effect does acetylation typically have on transcription?

Answer 5

Increases it by destabilizing chromatin structure

Question 6

What are enhancers?

Answer 6

DNA sequences that stimulate transcription from a distance away from promoter

Question 7

What are insulators

Answer 7

DNA sequences that block the effects of enhancers

Question 8

What is NELF?

Answer 8

Protein that binds to RNA polymerase, causing it to stall after initiation

Question 9

What is P-Telf?

Answer 9

Phosphorylates NELF, relieves stalling

Question 10

What are response elements?

Answer 10

Sequences that are activated under certain stimuli

Question 11

Process of RNA Degradation

Answer 11

Removal of 5’ cap, 5’ to 3’ degradation

Question 12

RNA interference is accomplished by?

Answer 12

miRNA and siRNA

Question 13

What part of RNA does miRNA and siRNA bind to?

Answer 13

3’ UTR