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BIOL-2301 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are structural genes?

A

Genes that encode proteins that are used by the cell

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2
Q

Regulatory Genes?

A

Genes that interact with DNA sequences and affect the transcription and translation of those sequences

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3
Q

Regulatory elements

A

DNA sequences that are not transcribed but regulate other sequences

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4
Q

What is constitutive expression?

A

Continuously expressed under normal cellular conditions

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5
Q

What is positive control?

A

Stimulates gene expression

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6
Q

What is negative control?

A

Inhibits gene expression

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7
Q

What are domains of regulatory genes?

A

60-90 amino acids responsible for binding to DNA

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8
Q

What are motifs?

A

Structures of regulatory proteins that fit into major groove of DNA

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9
Q

What is an operon?

A

A transcription unit that consists of a promoter, operator, and structural genes

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10
Q

What are indicubible operons?

A

Transcription usually off, needs to be turned on

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11
Q

What are repressible operons?

A

Transcription usually on, needs to be turned off

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12
Q

In what type of control does a regulatory protein act as a repressor

A

Negative Control

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13
Q

In what type of control does a regulatory protein act as an activator

A

Positive control

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14
Q

Regulatory genes in lac operon of e.coli?

A

lacP: promoter
lacO;operater
lack; repressor

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15
Q

What type of operon is the lac operon?

A

Negative Inducible (usually off and needs to be turned on) Regulatory protein is a repressor

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16
Q

What happens to lac operon in absence of lactose?

A

LacI encodes repressor that binds to operator and blocks transcription

17
Q

What happens to lac operon when lactose is present?

A

Lactose turns into allolactose and blocks the repressor from attaching to the lac operator

18
Q

Catabolite repression is a n example of ____ control

A

Positive

19
Q

What does CAP bind with?

A

cAMP

20
Q

How are cAMP and glucose related?

A

Inversely

21
Q

What happens to the lac operon when glucose is low?

A

cAMP is high, binds to operator, lots of transcription

22
Q

What happens to the lac operon when glucose is high?

A

Little transcription, as low levels of cAMP are present

23
Q

The trp operon is what kind of operon?

A

Negative Repressible

24
Q

What happens in the trp operon when tryptophan is low?

A

The repressor protein can’t bind to the operator, transcription occurs

25
Q

What happens in the trp operon when tryptophan is high?

A

Tryptophan binds to repressor protein allowing it to bind to operator and block transcription

26
Q

What is attenuation?

A

Premature stoppage of transcription

27
Q

How does attenuation occur in trp operon?

A

When tryptophan is high, regions 3 and 4 will pair and termination will occur

BIOL-2301 (10 decks)

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