Chapter 17 Flashcards
plasmalemma
cell membrane of fungi, has ergosterol - sterol unique to fungi
cell wall of fungi
chitin - polymer of NAG, glucan, and mannan
Sabouraud’s medium
selective medium used for fungi growth
just glucose and peptones - low pH
yeast
single cells, unicellular
cell division by budding (blastospores)
fungi grow in yeast form in tissue of host when causing infection
mold
multicellular, branching cells that form filaments called hyphae
fungi grow in mold form when free-living
mycelium
tangled mass of growth of hyphae (mold)
aerial mycelium
form of mold that grows on surface - e.g. moldy fruit or bread
vegetative mycelium
form of mold that penetrates substrates, gets nutrients
fungal asexual reproduction
by production of spores - mitosis
conidia
asexual spores
fungal sexual reproduction
by mating of cells - meiosis; haploid nuclei form two gametes which fuse to form diploid nucleus
fungi imperfecti
fungi that can only reproduce asexually
kinds of asexual spores (3)
chlamydospores
blastospores
arthrospores
chlamydospores
asexual spores that are thick, swollen, and round cells
blastospores
asexual spores that form from budding
arthrospores
asexual spores that are thick, rectangular cells
two modes of antifungal agents
affecting fungal membrane
affecting fungal processes
polyenes
class of antifungal agent that binds to ergosterol
azoles
class of antifungal agent that inhibits ergosterol synthesis
polyene compounds
amphotericin B and nystatin
azole compounds
micronazole, fluconazole, tolnafatate
pyrimidines
class of antifungal agent that inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
pyrimidine compounds
5FC (flucytosine)
grisans
class of antifungal agent that inhibits microtubule assembly
mycotoxicoses
toxic diseases caused by fungi
mycoses
fungal infections
superficial mycoses
fungal infection limited to outermost layers of skin and hair
cutaneous mycoses
fungal infection that goes deeper into epidermis - also hair and nails
e.g. tineas, ringworm, athlete’s foot
subcutaneous mycoses
fungal infection from skin that progresses to lymphatic tissue (due to trauma)
systemic (deep) mycoses
fungal infection caused by inhalation of spores - damage to lung, disseminate through bloodstream
Cryptococcus neoformans
causes crpytococcal meningitis
thrives in cerebrospinal fluid
Cryptococcus neoformans treatment
amphotericin B with flucytosine
Cryptococcus neoformans transmission
inhalation of yeast from soil or pigeon droppings
Candida albicans
causes yeast infection
part of normal microbiota of oral cavity, vagina, and other body parts
opportunistic
Candida albicans treatment
nystatin
Candida albicans morphology in tissue
sausage shaped with pseudo-hyphae and budding yeast
Candida albicans morphology in culture
chlamydospores
Candida albicans morphology in 37°C serum
germ tubes
saccharomyces
yeast involved in baking and brewing
amanita
mushroom that produces potent mycotoxin that causes severe abdominal cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea when consumed raw
Pneumocystis jiroveci
causes pneumocystis pneumonia; common in HIV+ patients
