Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

caused by common vaginal infections; a change in the levels of the normal microbiota of the vagina

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2
Q

gonorrhea is caused by:

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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3
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

causes gonorrhea
gram-negative diplococcus (gonococcus)
virulence factor: pili; adhere to mucosal epithelium

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4
Q

gonorrhea

A

“the clap”

can cause gonococcal urethritis, can also affect reproductive organs, pharynx, rectum ,eyes

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5
Q

gonococcal ophthalmia

A

can be contracted by infants while passing through the birth canal; causes blindness

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6
Q

gonorrhea in females (4)

A
can cause:
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
sterility 
salpingitis
ectopic pregnancy
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7
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease - inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

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8
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

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9
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

“out of place” pregnancy - fertilized egg attaches somewhere else other than the uterus

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10
Q

gonorrhea in males

A

pus-y, viscous penile discharge

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11
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A

ceftriaxone

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12
Q

chlamydial urethritis is caused by:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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13
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

causes chlamydial urethritis
gram-negative rod
obligate intracellular parasite

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14
Q

chlamydial urethritis

A

most common STD
NGU - non-gonococcal urethritis
the silent disease

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15
Q

chlamydial urethritis in females

A

salpingitis
PID
infertility, ectopic pregnancies

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16
Q

chlamydial urethritis in males

A

watery penile discharge

painful urination

17
Q

chlamydial urethritis treatment

A

doxycycline

18
Q

syphilis is caused by:

A

Trepnoma palladum

19
Q

Trepnoma palladum

A

causes syphilis

sprirochete

20
Q

3 stages of syphilis

A

1: primary syphilis - hard, painless chancres
2: secondary syphilis - the great imitator, fever, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes
3. tertiary syphilis - chronic latent stage, reoccurrence years later; gummas

21
Q

gummas

A

tumor-like masses that occur in tertiary syphilis

can damage blood vessels, spinal cord, and brain

22
Q

congenital syphilis

A

occurs in the fetus of a pregnant women after the 4th month of pregnancy
can cause still birth and the Hutchinson’s triad

23
Q

Hutchinson’s triad

A

deafness, vision impairment, unusual teeth

24
Q

chancroid

A

soft, painful chancres

lesions at entry site fills with pus and breaks - susceptible to other STDs

25
Q

chancroid is caused by:

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

26
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

causes chancroid

gram-negative rod

27
Q

chancroid treatment

A

ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin

28
Q

syphilis treatment

A

penicillin in the early stages

29
Q

UTIs

A

occurs when indigenous microbiota of the urethra infects the kidneys, bladder, or ureters (which are sterile)

30
Q

UTIs are caused by:

A

primarily by E. coli

31
Q

cystitis

A

UTIs of the urethra and bladder

32
Q

pyelonephritis

A

UTIs of the ascending route to kidney

33
Q

acne is caused by:

A

Propionibacterium acnes

34
Q

acne

A

hair follicles become swollen with sebum and keratinocytes

35
Q

Toxin-generated Staphylococcus aureus diseases (2)

A

Scalded skin syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome

36
Q

scalded skin syndrome

A

caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxin, exfoliatin

peeling of epidermis, blisters

37
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

outbreak caused by ultra absorbent tampons

causes high fever, sunburn-like rash, peeling skin

38
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

create abscesses and produce extoxins