Chapter 13 Flashcards
bacterial vaginosis
caused by common vaginal infections; a change in the levels of the normal microbiota of the vagina
gonorrhea is caused by:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
causes gonorrhea
gram-negative diplococcus (gonococcus)
virulence factor: pili; adhere to mucosal epithelium
gonorrhea
“the clap”
can cause gonococcal urethritis, can also affect reproductive organs, pharynx, rectum ,eyes
gonococcal ophthalmia
can be contracted by infants while passing through the birth canal; causes blindness
gonorrhea in females (4)
can cause: PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) sterility salpingitis ectopic pregnancy
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease - inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
ectopic pregnancy
“out of place” pregnancy - fertilized egg attaches somewhere else other than the uterus
gonorrhea in males
pus-y, viscous penile discharge
gonorrhea treatment
ceftriaxone
chlamydial urethritis is caused by:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis
causes chlamydial urethritis
gram-negative rod
obligate intracellular parasite
chlamydial urethritis
most common STD
NGU - non-gonococcal urethritis
the silent disease
chlamydial urethritis in females
salpingitis
PID
infertility, ectopic pregnancies
chlamydial urethritis in males
watery penile discharge
painful urination
chlamydial urethritis treatment
doxycycline
syphilis is caused by:
Trepnoma palladum
Trepnoma palladum
causes syphilis
sprirochete
3 stages of syphilis
1: primary syphilis - hard, painless chancres
2: secondary syphilis - the great imitator, fever, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes
3. tertiary syphilis - chronic latent stage, reoccurrence years later; gummas
gummas
tumor-like masses that occur in tertiary syphilis
can damage blood vessels, spinal cord, and brain
congenital syphilis
occurs in the fetus of a pregnant women after the 4th month of pregnancy
can cause still birth and the Hutchinson’s triad
Hutchinson’s triad
deafness, vision impairment, unusual teeth
chancroid
soft, painful chancres
lesions at entry site fills with pus and breaks - susceptible to other STDs
chancroid is caused by:
Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus ducreyi
causes chancroid
gram-negative rod
chancroid treatment
ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin
syphilis treatment
penicillin in the early stages
UTIs
occurs when indigenous microbiota of the urethra infects the kidneys, bladder, or ureters (which are sterile)
UTIs are caused by:
primarily by E. coli
cystitis
UTIs of the urethra and bladder
pyelonephritis
UTIs of the ascending route to kidney
acne is caused by:
Propionibacterium acnes
acne
hair follicles become swollen with sebum and keratinocytes
Toxin-generated Staphylococcus aureus diseases (2)
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxin, exfoliatin
peeling of epidermis, blisters
toxic shock syndrome
outbreak caused by ultra absorbent tampons
causes high fever, sunburn-like rash, peeling skin
Staphylococcus aureus
create abscesses and produce extoxins
