Chapter 12 Flashcards
anthrax is caused by:
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis
causes anthrax
gram-positive, spore forming rod
produces a capsule and 3 exotoxins
anthrax treatment
ciprofloxacin
anthrax
endemic zoonotic disease of large herbivores that ingest spores while grazing
inhalation anthrax
woolsorter’s disease - spores found in wool of sheep, people who worked with wool inhaled it
spore germination in lungs
intestinal anthrax
from contaminated, undercooked meat
spore germination in intestinal tract
cutaneous anthrax
skin abrasions come in contact with spore-contaminated animal products - forms eschars, black necrotic sores
tetanus
causes hyperactive muscle contractions
tetanus is caused by:
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani
causes tetanus
produces neurotoxin called tetanospasmin - blocks inhibition of muscle contractions
tetanus treatment
penicillin and antitoxins
tetanus vaccine
Td vaccine - every 10 years for adults after childhood inoculations
gas gangrene
causes tissue damage - dead tissue (myonecrosis) blocks blood flow and causes gangrene and gas below skin
gas gangrene is caused by:
Clostridium perfringens
gas gangrene treatment
debridement and a hyperbaric oxygen chamber
eschar
black necrotic sore/lesion on the skin - occurs in cutaneous anthrax
hyperbaric oxygen chamber
has a high concentration of oxygen - used for treating gas gangrene, which is caused by an anaerobe
debridement
treatment for gas gangrene
scraping off dead tissue
arthropods
invertebrates with jointed limbs and segmented body with chitin exoskeleton
act as vectors
plague is caused by:
Yersinia pestis
sylvatic plague
when disease is carried in rodents and fleas
urban plague
when disease is spread from rodents to humans by flea bites
Yersinia pestis
causes plague
bipolar staining
main virulence factor: F-1 capsule, resists and multiples in phagocytes
bubonic plague
cells accumulate in bloodstream and localize in lymph nodes (buboes)
septicemic plague
black death
cells spread through bloodstream (hematagenous spread)
causes purplish-black splotches
pneumonic plague
highly contagious by respiratory droplets
100% fatality rate if not treated
plague treatment
streptomycin (not as often anymore)
doxycycline?
lyme disease is caused by:
Borrelia burgdorferi
transmitted by tick bites
Borrelia burgdorferi
causes lyme disease
large gram-negative spirochete
3 stages of lyme disease
1: bull’s-eye rash (erythema migrans) at site of tick bite, fever, aches, flu-like symptoms
2: if untreated, spreads to skin, heart, nervous system, joints
3: chronic arthritis, swelling in joints (doesn’t always develop to stage 3)
Clostridium perfringens
causes gas gangrenes
produces group of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes
