Chapter 12

Question 1

anthrax is caused by:

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis

Question 2

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 2

causes anthrax
gram-positive, spore forming rod
produces a capsule and 3 exotoxins

Question 3

anthrax treatment

Answer 3

ciprofloxacin

Question 4

anthrax

Answer 4

endemic zoonotic disease of large herbivores that ingest spores while grazing

Question 5

inhalation anthrax

Answer 5

woolsorter’s disease - spores found in wool of sheep, people who worked with wool inhaled it

spore germination in lungs

Question 6

intestinal anthrax

Answer 6

from contaminated, undercooked meat

spore germination in intestinal tract

Question 7

cutaneous anthrax

Answer 7

skin abrasions come in contact with spore-contaminated animal products - forms eschars, black necrotic sores

Question 8

tetanus

Answer 8

causes hyperactive muscle contractions

Question 9

tetanus is caused by:

Answer 9

Clostridium tetani

Question 10

Clostridium tetani

Answer 10

causes tetanus

produces neurotoxin called tetanospasmin - blocks inhibition of muscle contractions

Question 11

tetanus treatment

Answer 11

penicillin and antitoxins

Question 12

tetanus vaccine

Answer 12

Td vaccine - every 10 years for adults after childhood inoculations

Question 13

gas gangrene

Answer 13

causes tissue damage - dead tissue (myonecrosis) blocks blood flow and causes gangrene and gas below skin

Question 14

gas gangrene is caused by:

Answer 14

Clostridium perfringens

Question 15

gas gangrene treatment

Answer 15

debridement and a hyperbaric oxygen chamber

Question 16

eschar

Answer 16

black necrotic sore/lesion on the skin - occurs in cutaneous anthrax

Question 17

hyperbaric oxygen chamber

Answer 17

has a high concentration of oxygen - used for treating gas gangrene, which is caused by an anaerobe

Question 18

debridement

Answer 18

treatment for gas gangrene

scraping off dead tissue

Question 19

arthropods

Answer 19

invertebrates with jointed limbs and segmented body with chitin exoskeleton

act as vectors

Question 20

plague is caused by:

Answer 20

Yersinia pestis

Question 21

sylvatic plague

Answer 21

when disease is carried in rodents and fleas

Question 22

urban plague

Answer 22

when disease is spread from rodents to humans by flea bites

Question 23

Yersinia pestis

Answer 23

causes plague
bipolar staining
main virulence factor: F-1 capsule, resists and multiples in phagocytes

Question 24

bubonic plague

Answer 24

cells accumulate in bloodstream and localize in lymph nodes (buboes)

Question 25

septicemic plague

Answer 25

black death
cells spread through bloodstream (hematagenous spread)
causes purplish-black splotches

Question 26

pneumonic plague

Answer 26

highly contagious by respiratory droplets

100% fatality rate if not treated

Question 27

plague treatment

Answer 27

streptomycin (not as often anymore)

doxycycline?

Question 28

lyme disease is caused by:

Answer 28

Borrelia burgdorferi

transmitted by tick bites

Question 29

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 29

causes lyme disease

large gram-negative spirochete

Question 30

3 stages of lyme disease

Answer 30

1: bull’s-eye rash (erythema migrans) at site of tick bite, fever, aches, flu-like symptoms
2: if untreated, spreads to skin, heart, nervous system, joints
3: chronic arthritis, swelling in joints (doesn’t always develop to stage 3)

Question 31

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 31

causes gas gangrenes

produces group of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes