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Microbiology Exam 3 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

rhinovirus

A 
causes common cold
positive single-stranded RNA virus 
naked
icosahedral 
over 100 strains
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2
Q

rhinovirus tropism

A

nares, cooler temperatures

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3
Q

rhinovirus transmission

A

airborne respiratory droplets or fomites

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4
Q

rhinovirus symptoms

A

productive cough

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5
Q

adenovirus

A

causes common cold
DNA virus
naked, icosahedral

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6
Q

adenovirus tropism

A

adenoid tissue - soft tissue behind the nasal cavity

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7
Q

adenovirus symptoms

A

cough, fever, sore throat

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8
Q

EV 68

A

an enterovirus
causes severe respiratory infections
recent outbreaks

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9
Q

influenza

A

highly communicable acute respiratory infection

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10
Q

influenza transmission

A

airborne respiratory droplets

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11
Q

adenovirus transmission

A

respiratory droplets

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12
Q

influenza A

A

strikes every year, causes the most epidemics due to reservoirs in humans, pigs, and birds

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13
Q

influenza B

A

strikes every year but less common than type A - reservoir only in humans

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14
Q

influenza C

A

causes mild respiratory illness, no epidemics - reservoir only in humans

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15
Q

flu symptoms

A

fever, body aches, dry coughs

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16
Q

influenza A virus

A

negative single-stranded RNA - 8 segments
enveloped, helical
matrix protein

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17
Q

influenza A virus spikes

A

hemagglutinin (H) spike

neuraminidase (N) spike

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18
Q

hemagglutinin (H) spike

A

on influenza A virus

helps virion attach and penetrate host cells

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19
Q

neuraminidase (N) spike

A

on influenza A virus

helps release virions from the host cell after replication and assembly

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20
Q

influenza vaccine

A

mixture of 2 most common type A subtypes and 1 most common type B subtype

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21
Q

antigenic drift

A

mutation - leads to a small variation within H or N

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22
Q

antigenic shift

A

change/reassortment in one or more of the 8 segments

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23
Q

flumist vaccine

A

attenuated virus vaccine for influenza

24
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

a complication of the flu

the body damages its own peripheral nerve cells

25
Q

Reye syndrome

A

a complication of the flu
occurs when children take aspirin
causes nausea, vomiting, brain and liver problems

26
Q

amantidine, rimantadine

A

antiviral treatment; inhibit uncoating of virus

27
Q

tamiflu, relenza

A

antiviral treatment; prevent release of flu virus from virally infected cells by inhibiting the action of N spike

28
Q

RSV disease

A

respiratory syncytial virus disease, caused RSV virus

causes lung cells to fuse together into syncytia

29
Q

herpesviruses (6)

A 
herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2
varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Kaposi's sarcoma-like virus (HHV8)
ALL ENVELOPED, ALL DOUBLE STRANDED DNA
30
Q

HSV-1

A

causes oral cold sores

virus becomes latent in nearby ganglia after primary infection - can reoccur

31
Q

herpes keratitis

A

HSV-1 infection of the eye

can cause scarring of cornea an blindness

32
Q

HSV-2

A

causes genital herpes - itching and throbbing in genital area followed by blisters

33
Q

HSV treatment

A

Acyclovir - for both HSV 1 and 2 infections

doesn’t cure, but shortens and decreases number of outbreaks

34
Q

neonatal herpes

A

HSV-2 disease passed from infected mothers to newborns during child birth - delays mental development, causes blindness and seizures

35
Q

chickenpox

A

(varicella)
caused by varicella-zoster virus
red, itchy rash spreads across body - infection when broken

36
Q

shingles

A

(zoster)
caused by varicella-zoster virus - adult disease
occurs when VZV is reactivated and causes blisters and patches of red on one side of the body
facial paralysis, “ice-pick” pains

37
Q

shingles vaccine

A

zostavax - live, attenuated

38
Q

HHV-6

A

causes roseola in infants - high fever, red rash

39
Q

EBV

A

oncogenic - can cause Burkitt’s lymphoma

40
Q

HHV-8

A

oncogenic - can cause Kaposi’s sarcoma; tumor of the blood vessel walls, causes dark or purple skin lesions

41
Q

HPV

A

(human papillomavirus)
causes common and genital warts
some strains are associated with cervical cancer

42
Q

common warts

A

caused by HPV

benign skin growths

43
Q

genital warts

A

(condylomata)
caused by HPV
can be transmitted to infants during delivery

44
Q

HPV vaccine

A

Gardasil - genital warts/cervical cancer vaccine
recombinant
quadrivalent - protects against 4 types of HPV

45
Q

measles

A

(rubeola)
causes koplik spots - red patches with white grain-like centers along the gun line
maculopapules at hairline - spreads to rest of body

46
Q

measles vaccine

A

MMR vaccine - measles, mumps, rubella

47
Q

mumps

A

(infectious parotitis)

enlarged jaw tissues caused by swollen salivary glands (especially the parotid glands)

48
Q

rubella

A

(german measles)

pale-pink maculopapular rash with occasional fever

49
Q

congenital rubella

A

fetus infected through placenta
child may be born with eye, ear, or heart problems
Gene Tierney

50
Q

smallpox

A

(variola)
pink-red macules on face and trunk –> become papules, fluid-filled vesicles –> pustules that break open and emit pus and leave scars (pocks)

51
Q

SARS

A

(severe acute respiratory syndrome)

emerging upper respiratory illness - 10% mortality rate

52
Q

SARS is caused by:

A

Coronaviridae

53
Q

SARS transmission

A

person-to-person contact and fomites

bats - reservoir

54
Q

HHV-6 transmission

A

respiratory secretions or saliva

55
Q

Postherpetic neuralgia

A

the persistence of shingles pain for years after the blisters have disappeared

56
Q

chickenpox treatment

A

attenuated vaccine

57
Q

orchitis

A

mumps in males - swelling and damage in the testes

Microbiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

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