Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 3 > Chapter 16+23 > Flashcards

Chapter 16+23 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

infectious mononucleosis is caused by:

A

Epstein-Barr virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

affects B cells in lymph nodes and spleen
can remain a carrier for several months, years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

infectious mononucleosis complications

A

heart defects, facial paralysis, rupture of spleen, jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

monospot test

A

(heterophile antibody test)
diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis
agglutination = presence of antibodies against EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lymphocytosis

A

diagnosis for infectious mononucleosis

observation of elevated lymphocyte levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

a herpes virus

causes cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) - generalized infection of infants; gastroenteritis and blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hepatitis B virus (HBV)

A

DNA virus - unusual genome; one complete strand, one incomplete
enveloped
causes fever, nausea, anorexia, then jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HBV transmission

A

direct or indirect contact with bodily fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HBV antigens (3)

A

HBsAg - surface antigen
HBcAg - core antigen in capsid
HBeAg - soluble antigen; best indicator of transmissibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HBV vaccine

A

HBsAg recombinant DNA-derived vaccine

produced in yeast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HBV incubation period

A

long - 1-6 months in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HBV carrier rate

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HBV treatment

A

interferon for chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hepatitis C virus (HCV)

A

most common bloodborne infection in US

causes a mild, symptomless, chronic infection involving cirrhosis and other complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HCV carrier rate

A

80-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HCV transmission

A

through blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HCV treatment

A

combination of interferon and ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hepatitis D virus (HDV)

A

“piggyback” virus (incomplete) - can only cause infection with HBV; needs HBsAg
RNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hepatitis A virus (HAV)

A

causes an acute inflammatory liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

HAV transmission

A

by GI tract
food or water contaminated by feces
raw shellfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hepatitis E virus (HEV)

A

very similar to HAV, but not usually found in the US

22
Q

West Nile fever

A

emerging disease in Western hemisphere

causes mild fever, aches, fatigue - sometimes leads to encephalitis or meningitis

23
Q

West Nile virus transmission

A

through mosquitoes

24
Q

West Nile virus reservoirs

A

birds, mosquitoes, humans, some other mammals

25
Q

viral gastroenteritis

A

caused by several unrelated viruses

26
Q

rotavirus infection

A

deadly form of gastroenteritis in children

diarrhea

27
Q

rotavirus transmission

A

contaminated food or water

28
Q

rotavirus treatment

A

oral rehydration therapy

29
Q

norovirus infections

A

common cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis
causes dehydration
highly contagious

30
Q

norovirus transmission

A

fecal-oral route, person-to-person contact, fomites

can survive outside the body for a long time

31
Q

Coxsackie virus

A

causes hand, foot and mouth disease - fever, poor appetite, sore throat, rash on palms and feet

32
Q

rabies virus

A

bullet shaped

causes fever, headache, muscle tension, hydrophobia, aggression, paralysis, brain degeneration

33
Q

rabies transmission

A

through skin wound contaminated with bodily fluid of an infected animal

34
Q

rabies incubation period

A

varies from 6 days to a year - depends on location of entry and amount of virus entering

35
Q

rabies treatment

A

post-exposure immunization - immediately after bite
need to get both passive and active
passive: gamma globulins (blood plasma)
active: attenuated virus

36
Q

poliovirus

A

causes poliomyelitis - infection of gray matter of spinal cord and brain

37
Q

poliovirus transmission

A

contaminated food and water

38
Q

poliovirus multiplies in:

A

tonsils, lymph tissue, GI tract

39
Q

postpolio syndrome

A

occurs in individuals who had the disease decades ago

40
Q

polio vaccine

A

Jonas Salk vaccine - inactive

Sabin vaccine - live, attenuated

41
Q

viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) viruses

A

all RNA viruses, all enveloped
not naturally found in humans
damage endothelial cells, causing massive internal bleeding and hemorrhaging
50-90% mortality rate

42
Q

chikungunya

A

newly emerging hemorrhagic fever
means “to walk bent over” - severe joint pain
fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, muscle pain, skin rash
spreads through blood to liver, muscles, brain, lymph tissue, joints
by mosquitos

43
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

positive RNA virus - two identical strands, not double stranded
enveloped
a retrovirus

44
Q

HIV spikes

A

gp120 - attachment protein

gp41 - fusion protein

45
Q

gp120

A

HIV spike

attachment protein - binds to CD4 receptor protein of (usually) T cells

46
Q

gp41

A

HIV spike

fusion protein - helps virus fuse with host cell membrane

47
Q

chemokine receptor

A

co-receptor with CD4 for gp120

48
Q

HAART

A

highly active antiretroviral therapy - for those with HIV
combination of 3 anti-HIV agents: 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 1 protease inhibitor
prolongs and improves life, reduces viral load
does not cure HIV infection

49
Q

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

drug used in HAART

chain terminators, stops DNA replication

50
Q

protease inhibitor

A

drug used in HAART

prevents protease, enzyme that cuts capsomeres into right lengths

51
Q

infectious mononucleosis transmission

A

saliva - “kissing disease”

52
Q

ribavirin

A

used with interferon against HCV

a nucleoside analog - inhibits synthesis of viral nucleic acid

Microbiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions