Chapter 16 - Treatments

Question 1

Psychosurgery

Answer 1

• Prefrontal lobotomy for Schiz

- Cut nerves from frontal lobe to thalamus

Question 2

Thorazine (Chlorpromazine)

Answer 2

• Dopamine antagonist

- Works on positive symptoms

Question 3

Tardive Dyskenesia

Answer 3

Involuntary facial movements and grimacing

Question 4

Clozapine

Answer 4

• Acts on dopamine and serotonin
• Works on ‘negative symptoms’
• No tardive dyskenesia
• Dizziness, nausea, sedation, seizures, irregular heartbeat

Question 5

Token economies

Answer 5

• Reward/punishment changes behaviour
• Does not cure
• Criticized for dehumanizing and benefits institution more than patient

Question 6

Anxiety disorder

Answer 6

• GAD - chronic, high level
• OCD, PTSD, Hypochondriasis are no longer in DSM-V
• Learned by classical cond. (albert/rat), maintained by operant cond. (avoid feared stim)
• Genes for neuroticism lead to anxiety and major depression

Question 7

Anxiety Sensitivity

Answer 7

Fear of anxiety itself

Question 8

Flooding

Answer 8

• “face your fears”; see that nothing horrible happened - classical and operant conditioning to extinction

Question 9

Systematic desensitization

Answer 9

• gradually exposing to stimulus; fear replaced with relaxation
• Strong placebo

Question 10

Bipolar disorder

Answer 10

Manic - at least a week – plus depression
High Norepinephrine
Dopamine receptors are oversensitive
Increased activity in amygdala
Decreased activity in pre-frontal cortex
Sleep deprivation is trigger for manic ep.

Question 11

Major depressive disorder

Answer 11

Major depressive episode - two weeks (Depressed mood for most of day AND Loss of Interest in normal daily activities – plus 3 more – 5 total)

Low NOREP, DOP, SER
SERT (transporter gene) structured differently

Question 12

Biology of depression

Answer 12

40% concordance with MZ twins/ 11% with DZ

85% concordance of MZ for bipolar

Question 13

MAOIs

Answer 13

prevent MAO from breaking down NOREP, DOP, SER

Question 14

Tricyclics

Answer 14

Block reuptake of SER, NOREP

Question 15

Mood stabilizers

Answer 15

Lithium carbonate decreases NOR - reduces swings

Question 16

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 16

• Induced brain seizure
• Mainly for depression, but also bipolar and schizo
• Confuction, poor memory after
• 3 times a week 6-10 times total
• boost serotonin

Question 17

REBT

Answer 17

• Form of CBT (replace maladaptive/irrational cognitions with adaptive/rational ones)
• Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy - ABC

-Emphsis on cognitive

• Activating event
• Beliefs about A
• Consequences derived from B

Question 18

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Answer 18

• Form of CBT

- Emphasis on behavioural