Chapter 14 - Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Pattern of psychological characteristics
Leads us to act conssistently
Still subject to enviro influences

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2
Q

Trait

A

Stable predisposition (as opposed to being in a state)

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3
Q

Two traditions of personality study (and science in general)

A
  1. Nomothetic - seeking out general principles that apply to all people (more common)
  2. Idiographic - identifying unique configurations of characteristics and history of a individual (less common)
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4
Q

How many english terms describe personality, per Allport and Odbert

A

17,000

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5
Q

Eysenck diagram of 4 traits and combinations

A

Unstable, Stable
Introverted, Extroverted

Unstable introvert is neurotic
Unstable extrovert is psychotic
Stable extrovert is extroverted
Stable introvert is UNDEFINED

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6
Q

Situationism and its rebuttal

A

Walter Mischel’s Critique of trait/big five
Said behaviour is not consistent across situations and that our behaviour is more a function of the situation not traits

BUT Seymour Epstein found that traits do aggregate (factor analysis) across situations

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7
Q

Eros and Thanatos

A

Victorian era notion of the two instinctual forces, sexuality and aggression

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8
Q

Id, Superego, Ego

A

Id - Reservoir of primitive impulses; obeys pleasure principle (striving immediate gratification)

Superego - Our sense of morality; obeys idealistic principle (striving for perfect moral behaviour)

Ego - Our executive and principal decision maker; obeys reality principle (delaying gratification)

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9
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Used by ego to defend itself

  1. Repression - buries anxiety (threatening momories) into unconscious; most critical
  2. Denial - refusing to acknowledge the anxiety
  3. Projection - seeing one’s own unacceptable feelings in others
  4. Reaction formation - reversing nature of anxiety
  5. Sublimation - channeling anxiety into sociall–acceptable activities
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10
Q

Psychosexual Theory

A

Old Age Pensioners Love Grapes

Oral (birth-1) - Id
Anal (1-3) - Ego
Phallic (3-6) - Superego
Latency (6-11) 
Genital (adolescence)
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11
Q

Humanist approach to personality

A
  • Carl Rogers
  • Reaction to psychoanalysis
  • Rejected determinism; embraced free-will and self-awareness
  • Self-actualization is core motive in personality
  • Pers. comes from innate self, beliefs about self
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12
Q

Behavioural approaches to personality

A
  • Personality based on classical, operant, and observational learning
  • Genetic factors plus reinforcers and punishments
  • Parents can shape child’s pers. through reward/punishment
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13
Q

Cognitive/social learning approach to pers.

A

Reciprocal determinism - mutual influences: personality, cognition, behaviour, environment

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