Chapter 16 - Therapy

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Question 2

biomedical therapy

Answer 2

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

Question 3

eclectic approach

Answer 3

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 4

psychoanalysis

Answer 4

frauds therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams and transferences - and the therapist interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self insight

Question 5

resistance

Answer 5

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 6

interpretation

Answer 6

in psychoanalysis the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationship (such as love or hate for a parent)

Question 7

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 7

deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self insight.
meets with therapist face to face. happens once or twice a week.

Question 8

insight therapies

Answer 8

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 9

client entered therapy

Answer 9

a humanistic therapy that was developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients growth (also called person centred therapy).

Question 10

active listening

Answer 10

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. a feature of rogers client centred therapy

Question 11

unconditional positive regard

Answer 11

a caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude, which carl rogers believed would help clients develop self awareness and self acceptance. paraphrase, invites clarification and reflect feelings

Question 12

behaviour therapies

Answer 12

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours

Question 13

counterconditioning

Answer 13

behaviour therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviours; including exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Question 14

exposure therapies

Answer 14

behavioural techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy. that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

Question 15

systematic desensitization

Answer 15

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety- triggering stimuli. commonly used to treat phobias

Question 16

progressive relaxation

Answer 16

therapy that you focus on relaxing each type of muscle one by one and then gradually discuss or experience stressful situations and use virtual relaxation to lessen the anxiety

Question 17

virtual reality exposure

Answer 17

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic stimulations of their greatest fears.

Question 18

aversive conditioning

Answer 18

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (nausea) with an unwanted behaviour (drinking alcohol)

Question 19

token economy

Answer 19

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behaviour and can later exchange their tokens for privileges or treats

Question 20

cognitive therapies

Answer 20

teachers people new, more adaptive ways of thinking, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Question 21

cognitive-behaviour therapy

Answer 21

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behaviour therapy.

Question 22

group therapy

Answer 22

conducted with groups permitting theraputic benefits from group interaction

Question 23

family therapy

Answer 23

treats the family as a system. views an individuals unwanted behaviour as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Question 24

meta-analysis

Answer 24

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Question 25

evidence based practice

Answer 25

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Question 26

therapeutic alliance

Answer 26

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and a client, who work together constructively to overcome the clients problem

Question 27

biomedical therapy

Answer 27

physically changing the brain’s functioning by altering its chemistry with drugs

Question 28

psychopharmacology

Answer 28

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behaviour

Question 29

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 29

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. molecules are similar to dopamine and occupy its receptor sites and block its activity

Question 30

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 30

involuntary movements of the facial muscles

Question 31

anti anxiety drugs

Answer 31

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Question 32

antidepressants

Answer 32

used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, ocd, ptsd, (several widely used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors - SSRI’s)

Question 33

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 33

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Question 34

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 34

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Question 35

psychosurgery

Answer 35

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behaviour

Question 36

lobotomy

Answer 36

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves of connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centres of the inner brain

Question 37

resilience

Answer 37

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress + recover from adversity + even trauma

Question 38

post traumatic growth

Answer 38

Positively psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis.

Question 39

the 4 d’s

Answer 39

deviant - recurring behaviours, thoughts, or emotions the deviate from the typical expectations of society

distress - the behaviour that causes distress to oneself or other

dysfunction - the behaviours interferes with daily functioning

danger - the behaviour is dangerous to oneself or other

No single d is suffiecent

Question 40

3 goals that Christine padesky has for therapy

Answer 40

• establish a comfortable relationship so the client will talk
• get basic understanding of clients problems
• give client basic understanding of cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 41

what medication helps with Parkinson’s disease

Answer 41

levodopa. it helps the brain replace dopamine

Question 42

transference

Answer 42

the patient may have reactions toward the therapist that are actually based on feelings toward someone from the past

Question 43

antipsychotic medication

Answer 43

reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia, especially positive symptoms. They block dopamine receptors. Side effects are sluggishness, tremors, twitching, tardive dyskinesia (odd facial and tongue movements)

Question 44

Anti anxiety medication

Answer 44

Temporarily reduced worried thinking and physical agitation, they slow nervous system activity in the body and brain. Side effects physiological dependance, withdrawal, increased anxiety, insomnia

Question 45

Anti depressant

Answer 45

Improves mood and control over depressing and anxious thoughts. They increase levels of serotonin (sometimes norepinephrine) at synapses by inhibiting re uptake. Possible neurogenisis. Side effects are dry mouth, dizziness, weight gain or hyper tension