Chapter 10 - Intelligence Flashcards
intelligence
the mental potential to learn from experience, solve problems and us knowledge to adapt to new situations
general intelligence (g)
a factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test, this belief stemmed from his work in factor analysis
factor analysis
a statistical procedure identifies clusters of related terms
evolutionary familiar situations
marrying and parenting, forming close friendships, and navigating without maps
gardner’s multiple intelligences
linguistic, logical, mathematical, musical, spatial (art), bodily-kinaesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (others), naturalist, (existential - 9th proposed - ponder large questions about life and death)
savant syndrome
a condition in which a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in a specific skill, such as computation or drawing. 4 in 5 people with this are males and may also have autism
sternberg’s three intelligences
analytical (academic problem solving), creative, and practical
analytical (academic problem solving) intelligence
intelligence tests that have well-defined problems and a single right answer. this predicts school grades well.
creative intelligence
the ability to generate novel ideas
practical intelligence
required for everyday tasks that could have many solutions
Sternberg + Gardner agree that….
multiple abilities can contribute to life success and differing varieties of giftedness, add spice to life and challenges for education
10 year rule
a common ingredient of expert performance in chess, dancing, sports, computer programming, music and medicine is ‘about 10 years of intense, daily practice’. gift of nature with a whole lot of nurture.
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. these people are socially aware and self aware
intelligence tests
assess peoples mental abilities and compares them with others, usually using numerical scores
achievement test
to reflect on what you have learned. for example: exams
aptitude test
intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill. aptitude is the capacity to learn. for example, an entrance exam
mental age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binets original intelligence test
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a person’s mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 to get rid of the decimal point. if mental and chronological age is the same their IQ is 100
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. the latest edition has 15 subtests including similarities, vocabulary, block design and letter-number sequencing
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with performance of a pretested group
normal curve
bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. most scores fall near the average.
reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test or on retesting.
validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it promises
