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Psych 100B > Chapter 13 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

attribution theory

A

that we explain someone else behaviour by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition

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2
Q

fundamental attribution theory

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behaviour to underestimate the impact of a situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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3
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness

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4
Q

central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favourable thoughts

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5
Q

foot in the door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a large request

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6
Q

role

A

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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7
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

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8
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behaviour or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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9
Q

normative social influence

A

resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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10
Q

informational social influence

A

resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

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11
Q

social control

A

power of the situation

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12
Q

personal control

A

power of the individual

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13
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple or well learned tasks in the presence of others

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14
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

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15
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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16
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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17
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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18
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory action

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19
Q

implicit racial association

A

even people who deny harboring racial prejudice may carry negative associations

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20
Q

unconscious patronization

A

assessing things differently when you know the persons race

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21
Q

race influenced perceptions

A

our expectations influence how we see things

22
Q

reflexive body responses

A

even people who consciously express little prejudice may give off telltale signals as their body responds selectively to anothers race. this may show up in facial muscle responses and in the activation of their emotion processing amygdala

23
Q

violent criminals

A

have diminished activity in the frontal lobes

24
Q

what does high testosterone result in?

A

aggression

25
Q

just world phenomenon

A

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

26
Q

ingroup

A

us - the people with whom we share a common identity

27
Q

outgroup

A

them - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

28
Q

in-group bias

A

the tendency to favour our own group

29
Q

scapegoat theory

A

that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

30
Q

williams syndrome

A

individuals who lack fear and its associated activity in the emotion processing amygdala. they also display lack of racial stereotypes and prejudice

31
Q

other race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. also called the cross race effect and the own race bias. emerges during infancy, between 3-9 months.

32
Q

frustration aggression principle

A

the principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression

33
Q

social script

A

culturally modelled guide for how to act in various situations

34
Q

prosocial behaviour

A

behaviour that is intended to help or benefit someone

35
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

36
Q

passionate love

A

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

37
Q

companionate love

A

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

38
Q

equity

A

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

39
Q

self disclosure

A

the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

40
Q

altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

41
Q

bystander effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

42
Q

social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behaviour is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

43
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

44
Q

social responsibility norm

A

an expectation that people will help those in need of their help

45
Q

conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas

46
Q

social trap

A

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behaviour

47
Q

mirror image perceptions

A

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

48
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

a belief that leads to its own fullfillment

49
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

50
Q

GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction)

A

a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Psych 100B (9 decks)

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