Chapter 12 - Emotions, Stress and Health

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

the response of a whole organism, emotion is a mix of bodily arousal (heart pounding), expressive behaviours (quickened pace), conscious experience (thoughts and feelings-panic, fear and joy)

Question 2

james-lange theory: arousal before emotion

Answer 2

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 3

cannon-bard theory: arousal and emotion occur simultaneously

Answer 3

the theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Question 4

lower spine injuries

Answer 4

a lost sensation only in their legs, reported little change in their emotion intensity

Question 5

arousal fuels ______; _______ channels it

Answer 5

emotion; cognition

Question 6

high spinal cord injury

Answer 6

no feeling below the neck, there were changes in the intensity of emotion (less)

Question 7

two factor theory

Answer 7

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Question 8

insula

Answer 8

a neural centre deep inside the brain. It is activated when we experience various negative social emotions (lust, pride, disgust).

Question 9

polygraph

Answer 9

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion

Question 10

facial feedback effect

Answer 10

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness.

Question 11

behaviour feedback effect

Answer 11

the tendency of behaviour to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings and actions

Question 12

catharsis

Answer 12

emotional release. in psych, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 13

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 13

peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.

Question 14

positive psych

Answer 14

the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and prompting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 15

what emotions are in the right frontal lobe?

Answer 15

negative emotions and depression

Question 16

what emotions are in the left frontal lobe?

Answer 16

positive emotions

Question 17

subjective well being

Answer 17

self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. used along with measures of objective well being (for example. physical and economic indicators) to evaluate peoples quality of life.

Question 18

positive well being

Answer 18

being happy as a product of a pleasant, engaged and meaningful life. a good life also engages ones skill.

Question 19

positive groups, communities and cultures

Answer 19

positive social ecology including healthy families, communal neighbourhoods, effective schools, socially responsible media, and civil dialogue.

Question 20

adaption-level phenomenon

Answer 20

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience

Question 21

relative deprivation

Answer 21

the perception that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares oneself

Question 22

stress

Answer 22

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 23

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 23

Selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 24

alarm reaction

Answer 24

as a result of your sympathetic nervous system being suddenly activated. your heart rate zooms. blood goes to your skeletal muscles and you feel a faintness of shock, you are now ready to fight back

Question 25

resistance

Answer 25

temp, blood pressure and respiration remain high. adrenal glands pump hormones into blood stream. fully engaged, summoning all your resources. as time passes, with no relief from stress, bodys reserves begin to dwindle

Question 26

exhaustion

Answer 26

you become more vulnerable to illness or death

Question 27

tend and befriend

Answer 27

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 28

health psych

Answer 28

a subfield of psych that provides psychs contribution to behavioural medicine

Question 29

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 29

the study of how psychological, neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 30

T Lymphocytes

Answer 30

white blood cells, that mature in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses and foreign substances

Question 31

B Lymphocytes

Answer 31

white blood cells, that mature in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

Question 32

macrophages

Answer 32

"big eaters" identify, pursue and ingest harmful invaders and worn out cells

Question 33

natural killer cells (NK cells)

Answer 33

pursue diseased cells

Question 34

coronary heart disease

Answer 34

the clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 35

type A

Answer 35

Friedman and Rosenmans term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people

Question 36

type B

Answer 36

Friedman and Rosenmans term for easy going and relaxed people

Question 37

type D

Answer 37

suppress their negative emotion to avoid social disapproval. they experience distress during social interactions. having this personality increases the risk of mortality and nonfatal heart attack

Question 38

coping

Answer 38

alleviating stress using emotions, cognitive or behavioural methods

Question 39

problem-focused coping

Answer 39

attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 40

emotion focused coping

Answer 40

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 41

learned helplessness

Answer 41

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 42

external locus of control

Answer 42

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 43

internal locus of control

Answer 43

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 44

self-control

Answer 44

the ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards

Question 45

oxytocin

Answer 45

a hormone that is enhanced by optimism

Question 46

aerobic exercise

Answer 46

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 47

biofeedback

Answer 47

a system of recording, amplifying, and feeding back info about subtle physiological responses, many controlled by the autonomic nervous system