Chapter 15 - Personality Disorders Flashcards
psychological disorders
a syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individuals life (cognition, emotion regulation, behaviour)
medical model
the concept that diseases, in this care, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed , treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
amok
in Malaysia, it describes sudden outbursts of violent behaviour
susto
latin American term, which is a condition marked by anxiety, restlessness and fear of black magic
taijin kyofusho
in Japan, a social anxiety about appearance, combined with a readiness to blush and a fear of eye contact
epigenetics
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
classification
aims to predict the disorders future course, suggest appropriate treatment and prompt research into its causes
DSM-5
the American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. CRITIQUE: turning everything into a disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
three times more likely in boys. a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
immigrant paradox
those that are born into a country that is not their ethnicity are at a higher risk of mental disorder than those who have immigrated.
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. depression and high blood pressure. women are two times more likely. by age 50, this disorder becomes rare.
panic disorder
anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations. often followed by worry over a possible next attack. 1 in 75 people. smokers are two times more likely and show greater symptoms from the nicotine
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult when panic strikes
phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation
OCD
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions) or both
PTSD
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawals, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia. some people are more susceptible to PTSD because they have more sensitive emotion-processing limbic systems that flood their bodies with stress hormones. PTSD patients have a smaller amygdala. twins are more likely to share PTSD cognitive risk factors. odds of getting this disorder are two times more likely for women
survivor resiliency
ability to recover after severe stress
stimulus generalization
when a person experiences a fearful event and later develops a fear of similar event. Renforcements: help maintain them.
hyperviligant
people with anxiety disorders, that blow things out of proportion
anxiety gene
affects brain levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that influences sleep, mood and attention to negative images.
anterior cingulate cortex
a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, seems especially likely to be hyperactive
major depressive disorder
a disorder in which a persons experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest of pleasure
mania
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which a person’s dangerously poor judgement is common. Positive emotions persist abnormally. speech is loud. adivice irritating. in milder forms=creativity. have little need for sleep. fewer sexual inhibitions
