Chapter 16: Therapies Flashcards
What is Psychotherapy?
a treatment of psychological problems through psychological techniques
What is the eclectic approach?
integrating diverse theories and techniques
3 Common Factors among clients? (URM)
- Usually expect a positive outcome
- Receive attention, which helps maintain a positive attitude
- Must be willing to make change
What are 4 common factors among good therapists? (GRMM)
- Good therapists communicate (respect, mature)
- Respect their clients’ ability to cope with troubles
- Make suggestions, offer encouragement, provide alternative interpretations and salient example
- Must not engage in other relationships (e.g., sexual, business) with clients
2 Basic assumptions of Freuds Psychodynamic Theory? (BT)
- Becoming aware of one’s motivation helps one change
2. The causes of maladjustment are unresolved unconscious conflicts
What is the goal of Psychoanalysis?
To help patients understand the unconscious motivations that direct their behaviours
What are the 5 techniques of Psychoanalysis?***Working through (FDIRT)
- Free association: Patient is asked to report what comes to mind not matter how disorganized or trivial
- Dream analysis: Patient is asked to describe dreams in detail
- Interpretation: Provides a context, meaning or cause for an idea, feeling, or set of behaviours
- Resistance: Unwillingness to cooperate or help in interpretation or provide info
- Transference: Therapist becomes an object of the patients emotional attitudes about an important person in their life.
- Working through is the cycle of 3, 4, and 5.
4 Criticisms of Psychoanalysis? (VNUE)
- Very expensive in both time and money
- Not effective for psychotic disorders
- Unscientific, imprecise, and subjective
- Elements of Freud’s theory are untestable and sexist
What 3 things does the Humanistic Theory Emphasize? (DBS)
- Development of human potential
- Belief that human nature is basically positive
- Stress the importance of assuming responsibility and living in the present
What is Carl Rogers Person/Client Centred Theory?
What is its goal?
- Helps people evaluate the world and themselves from their own perspective
- Helps people discover their ideal selves
What 3 things do therapists in the Client Centred Theory show? (UCE)
- Unconditional positive regard: Being an accepting person who projects positive feelings
- Congruence: Honest/aware of their own feelings
- Empathic listening: Sense how client feels and communicates feelings to client.
What is the Focus and Goal of the Behaviour Therapy?
Focus: changing overt behaviour
Goal: using learning principles to help people replace maladaptive behaviours with more effective behaviours
What is Systematic Desensitization? Definition and 4 steps
Based upon reciprocal inhibition by Joseph Wolpe
Cant be relaxed and stressed at the same time.
1. the client is first taught to relax
2. create a hierarchy of fears (i.e., situations or things)
3. While deeply relaxed, the client slowly moves up the hierarchy through exposure.
4. With each successive experience, the client learns relaxation rather than fear as a response.
- Very effective for OCD, PTSD, etc
What is Aversive Conditioning?
a noxious stimulus that is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable behaviour
- Often used to combat drinking, smoking and other addictions.
What is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy focus and what 3 assumptions does it make? (CCI)
Focus on changing clients behaviour by changing the clients thoughts or perceptions
- Cognitions are identifiable and measurable
- Cognitions are key in both healthy and unhealthy psychological functioning
- Irrational beliefs or thinking can be replaced by more rational and adaptive cognitions
