Chapter 12 Stress, Coping and Health Flashcards
What is STRESS and a STRESSOR according to Hanse Selye?
Stress
-Nonspecific response to real or imagined challenge or threat.
Stressor
-Stimulus that affects people producing physical/psychological effects (tension, discomfort)
Acute vs Chronic Stress
Acute: Arousal with on/off patterns (midterm, interview)
Chronic: Continual arousal overtime with no way of dealing with it (demanding job)
Fight or Flight vs Tend and Befriend Responses
Fight/Flight: Body prepares to fight or flee situation(more males) Walter Cannon
Tend/Befriend: Tend to befriend others/broaden social networks(more females) Shelly Taylor
General Adaptation Syndrome definition and 3 Stages (ARE)
Selye said peoples response to stress are similar
- Alarm: Triggers hormone production
- Resistance: Hormone secretion counteracts stressor but leaves other body functions unprotected
- Exhaustion: Systems no longer protected and at risk of illness.
Lazarus’s 2 views on Stress
People actively negotiate between stressor and personal behaviours/beliefs.
Cognitive Appraisal: How we perceive the event.
Example of a Cognitive Appraisal Situation 5 steps (PCEPB)
Potential Stressor: Midterm 2
Cognitive Appraisal: Negative view
Emotional Response: anxiety, fear
Physiological Response: sweating, fever, headache
Behavioural Response: freeze, not doing the test
What is PTSD and its 4 symptoms (NIPA)
Direct/Indirect/Threatened exposure to death, injury, or sexual abuse.
- Nightmares/flashbacks
- Increased arousal
- Paranoid
- Avoidance of people/places
What are Hassles?
Minor annoyances that strain our ability to cope.
(flight delays, traffic)
-Differs between genders, cultures, etc.
What is Burnout?
State of emotional and physical exhaustion, lowered productivity, and feelings of isolation, often caused by work-related pressure. (EMS, pilot, etc)
What is Physiological stress?
- Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system
- promotes flight or fight response
What is behavioural stress?
- Hebb says that effective behaviour depends on arousal.
- moderate level of stress may be desirable
- overarousal tends to produce disorganized, ineffective behaviour
What 7 factors are associated with CHD? (SHHFDLS)
smoking high cholesterol high blood pressure family history of CHD diabetes low levels of vitamin D stress
Type A behaviour vs Type B behaviour
Type A:
People who are competitive, impatient, angry, hostile
Type B:
People who are calmer, less hurried, and less hostile
What is Resilience?
The extent to which a person is flexible and responds adaptively to external/internal demands.
What 3 things happen for people with Alopecia areata (AHM)
- Attacks hair follicles, causing pigmented hair-black, brown, red or brown to fall out-leaving gray and white (non-pigmented hairs behind)
- Hair appears to have turned white or gray overnight
- Most people lose their all hair
What is coping?
Process by which a person takes some action to manage, master, tolerate, or reduce environmental and internal demands that cause or might cause stress
What are 3 factors in resilience? (PAS)
- Personal resources (e.g., money, good health)
- A sense of being in control
- Social support: Comfort, approval.
5 Steps of Gaining Control? (BCDIE)
1. Behavioral Control Ability to do something 2. Cognitive Control Ability to think differently 3. Decisional Control Ability to choose among alternative courses of action 4. Informational Control Ability to acquire information about a stressful event 5. Emotional Control Ability to suppress and express emotions
What are the 3 coping strategies? (EPP)
- Emotion Focused Coping
- No control of the stress so you live with it - Problem Focused Coping
- Do something about the stress - Proactive Coping
- Take action to avoid stress
What is the stress inoculation process and its 3 steps (CSF)
Attempt to develop immunity to the stress
- Conceptualization: Learn about the stress
- Skills Acquisition/Rehearsal: Practice the stress
- Follow Through: Do it
What is Health Psychology? 4 points (EPDI)
Attempt to..
- enhance health
- prevent illness
- diagnose and treat disease
- improve rehab
4 behaviours to promote health (CASE)
- Curb alcohol consumption
- Achieve a healthy weight
- Stop Smoking!
- Exercising
3 Aids intervention strategies (IMB)
- Information
- know how it is transmitted and how to prevent it - Motivation
- Must want to be safe - Behaviour Skills
- Taught how to put knowledge to use (condoms, know partner)
3 types of Pain? (CPP)
- Chronic pain (long-lasting and ever-present)
- Periodic pain (pain that comes and goes)
- Progressive pain (ever-present, increases in severity over time)
2 goals of Pain Management
- attempts to reduce suffering, the negative emotional experience that accompanies pain
- attempts to decrease the physical aspect of pain
What is PACSLAC*
- Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate
- Developed by Dr Shannon and Dr Thomas
- an observational tool for assessment of both common and subtle pain behaviours
4 Things PACSLAC focuses on?* (FASP)
- Facial expressions
- Activity/body movements
- Social/personality/mood
- Physiological indicators/eating and sleeping changes/vocal behaviors
Features of the Aerobic Exercise study
- Author was Irwin
- 58 females used in stationary bike 6 sessions over 4 weeks.
- 3 groups, one told to ride as long as possible, one rode with partner on screen, one told they were a team intending to reach a goal.
- The team group rode the longest, then the partner, then alone. others can motivate how hard we work.
