Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
*****What is abnormal behaviour? 6 things (ASCUOB)
- atypical
- socially unacceptable
- causes distress to that person or to those around the person
- usually maladaptive
- often the product of distorted cognitions
- biological dysfunction
What is the Demonic Model?
- Mental illness seen as possessed by demons
- Exorcisms and witch hunts used to ‘treat’ illness
What is the Medical Biological Model?
- Focuses on the physiological conditions that initiate and underlie abnormal behaviour
- assumes abnormal behaviour can be diagnosed, treated and cured
What is the Psychodynamic Model?
- psychological disorders result from anxiety produced by unresolved conflicts outside a person’s awareness
What is the Humanistic Model?
- maladjustment occurs when a person’s needs are not met
What is the Behavioural Model?
- abnormal behaviour is learned through selective reinforcement and punishment
What is the Cognitive Model?
- human beings engage in both prosocial and maladjusted behaviours because of their thoughts
3 Critical Thoughts of Mental Illness
- most people do recover from mental illness
- few people with mental illness are violent
- most people with mental illness bear their pain privately
4 Misconceptions about Mental Illness
- Psychiatric diagnosis is nothing more than pigeonholing
- Psychiatric diagnoses are unreliable
- Psychiatric diagnoses are invalid
- Psychiatric diagnoses stigmatize people
**What is the DSM-5?
-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
-a system for diagnosing maladjusted behaviour
-Published by American Psychiatric Association
-Warns to “think organic” (rule out physical causes of symptoms first)
-18 major categories of disorders and
cites the percentage of the population displaying the disorder
4 Criticisms of the DSM-5
- Not all valid
- Not all criteria is scientifically based
- High comorbidity
- Categorical and not dimensional
What is Anxiety?
- a generalized feeling of fear and apprehension that may be related to a particular situation or object often accompanied by increased physiological arousal
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
- A person with generalized anxiety disorder feels almost continuous anxiety for six months, increased activity of the autonomic nervous system, difficulty concentrating, and fatigue
- 3% of population and more prevalent in females/whites
*****What is Panic Disorder?
- Repeated Panic Attacks
- attacks of acute anxiety accompanied by increased autonomic nervous system arousal unrelated to a specific event
- Persistent concerns about future attacks
- A change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them
- Can be caused by something or random
What is Agoraphobia?
- a marked fear and avoidance of being alone in a place from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing
- symptoms are hyperventilation, extreme tension, and cognitive disorganization
What is Social Phobia?
- is anxiety involving a fear of and a desire to avoid situations where one might be scrutinized by others