Chapter 16: Social-Emotional Development of Preschoolers Flashcards
What do preschoolers learn about themselves during their development?
Show responsibility, learn gender roles, begin moral development, expand their self-concept.
How can adults help preschoolers show responsibility?
By setting examples and giving children tasks they can do based on their abilities.
What is gender-role learning?
Knowing what behaviors are expected of males and females, aiding social relations and self-awareness.
What concepts must children grasp to understand gender roles?
- Gender identity
- Gender Stability
- Gender constancy
What is sex typing?
The process by which a person adopts attitudes and behaviors considered culturally appropriate for each gender.
What negative impact can traditional gender-role learning have?
It may lead to sexual stereotyping, limiting a child’s development and causing shame.
What is moral development?
The process by which children develop proper attitudes toward others based on sociocultural, familial, and societal expectations.
What are the first two substages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
- Obedience-punishment orientation
- Individualism and exchange
What are moral emotions?
Reactions to acceptable and unacceptable behaviors, such as remorse and sympathy.
What constitutes self-concept?
- Self-recognition
- Self-definition
- Self-esteem
- Self-correction
Why is play important for preschoolers?
It contributes to cognitive, physical, social, and emotional well-being.
What is the significance of Erickson’s 3rd stage (initiative vs. guilt)?
Children’s initiative encourages them to try new activities, but failures may lead to guilt.
How do preschoolers view friendships?
They have a self-centered view, relying on friendliness and ability to follow group rules.
What percentage of children aged 2-7 have imaginary friends?
~2/3.
What are some common childlike stressors for preschoolers?
- Short-term stressors
- Long-lasting stressors
- Bad days
How do preschoolers express affection?
With hugs, kisses, and snuggling.
What are common fears of preschoolers?
- Fear of the unknown
- Fear of physical injury
- Fear of pain
What can cause anger in preschoolers?
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Frustration
- Rejection
What is repressed jealousy?
Jealousy that is not directly expressed and may manifest as nightmares or physical problems.
What is developmental stress?
Factors related to preschoolers’ developmental stage and personal development.
How can environmental stress affect preschoolers?
Stress from social environments can contribute significantly to preschoolers’ stress levels.
What are some examples of environmental stressors?
- Low-quality preschool programs
- Peer aggression
- Stressful neighborhood situations
What is one negative effect of stress and trauma before six years of age?
It has powerful negative effects on the developing child.
True or False: Preschoolers are more likely to understand the difference between reality and fantasy.
False.
Fill in the blank: Preschoolers learn to control and express _______ during their developmental years.
emotions
