Chapter 10 - Social-Emotional Development in the First 12 Months

Question 1

What are the three main aspects of social-emotional development?

Answer 1

• Disposition
• Social Relations
• Emotions

Disposition refers to the general mood of a person, social relations pertain to interactions with people and social groups, and emotions are thoughts that lead to feelings and cause changes in the body.

Question 2

Define temperament in the context of infant development.

Answer 2

Inherited tendency to react in a certain way

Temperament influences how babies respond to their environment, such as being cheerful or grumpy.

Question 3

What characterizes high-reactive infants?

Answer 3

• React to new situations with caution
• Easily agitated and distressed
• Irregular in habits
• Withdraw or protest when facing new situations

High-reactive infants require careful handling to help them cope with new experiences.

Question 4

What characterizes low-reactive infants?

Answer 4

• Sociable and bold
• Cheerful
• Regular habits
• Quick to respond to new situations

Low-reactive infants generally adapt well to new environments.

Question 5

Name three parenting behaviors that negatively influence high-reactive children.

Answer 5

• Inadequate soothing
• Alarmist behavior
• Intrusive behavior

These behaviors can hinder the emotional regulation and coping skills of high-reactive infants.

Question 6

What is ‘serve and return’ in the context of infant social development?

Answer 6

Signals exchanged between babies and caregivers that facilitate social interaction

This interaction is crucial for babies’ social and emotional growth.

Question 7

At what age do infants typically begin to smile socially?

Answer 7

2 weeks to 2 months

Smiling is an early indicator of social engagement in infants.

Question 8

What is attachment in the context of infant development?

Answer 8

Closeness between people that remains over time

Attachment is critical for emotional and social development and begins at birth.

Question 9

List the attachment behaviors that develop by 3 months.

Answer 9

• Coos and gurgles
• Movements and laughter

These behaviors reflect the infant’s growing social engagement and attachment to caregivers.

Question 10

What is the trust vs mistrust stage in Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

Answer 10

The stage where infants learn whether they can trust others

This stage is crucial for developing a sense of security and trust in relationships.

Question 11

What is co-regulation?

Answer 11

Soothing the baby to aid them in calming down

Co-regulation is essential for helping newborns manage their emotions.

Question 12

What age do infants typically start to experience separation anxiety?

Answer 12

Around 8 months

Separation anxiety peaks between 10-18 months as infants develop a better understanding of object permanence.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Infant ______ precedes true anger.

Answer 13

rage

Infant rage is an instinctive response that lacks the cognitive processing found in true anger.

Question 14

What is the peak age range for separation anxiety in infants?

Answer 14

10-18 months

During this time, infants become more aware of their caregivers’ absence and express distress.

Question 15

How do infants develop self-awareness?

Answer 15

• Hand regard
• Cause and effect understanding
• Name recognition
• Recognition of body parts
• Mirror play
• Object possession

These milestones indicate growing self-awareness and cognitive development in infants.

Question 16

What are common causes of stress for infants?

Answer 16

• Not meeting physical needs
• Limiting body contact with caregivers
• Not being a co-regulator during stress

Addressing these causes is crucial for healthy emotional development.