Chapter 16 - Respiratory System

Question 1

What part of the respiratory system conducts air but doesn’t do gas exchange?

Answer 1

conducting zone

Question 2

What structures make up the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs?

Answer 2

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Question 3

What are the tiny air sacs responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 3

alveoli

Question 4

What property describes how easily lungs expand during inhalation?

Answer 4

compliance

Question 5

What lung property allows recoil after being strecthed?

Answer 5

elasticity

Question 6

What physical force in the alveoli tends to cause them to collapse?

Answer 6

surface tension

Question 7

What substance reduces surface tension in the alveoli?

Answer 7

pulmonary surfactant

Question 8

Which lung cells produce surfactant?

Answer 8

type II alveolar cells

Question 9

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to pressure as lung volume increases?

Answer 9

pressure decreases

Question 10

What does Dalton’s Law say about the total pressure of a gas mixture?

Answer 10

it equals the sum of the partial pressure

Question 11

What determines how much gas dissolves in blood, per Henry’s Law?

Answer 11

partial pressure and solubility

Question 12

What type of disorder blocks airflow, making exhalation difficult?

Answer 12

obstructive disorder

Question 13

What are two common diseases classified as COPD?

Answer 13

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 14

What type of disorder limits lung expansion and reduces lung volumes?

Answer 14

restrictive disorder

Question 15

What is the volume of a normal breath in or out?

Answer 15

tidal volume

Question 16

What is the extra air inhaled after a normal breath?

Answer 16

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Question 17

What is the extra air exhaled after a normal breath?

Answer 17

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 18

What is the air that remains in lungs after a full exhale?

Answer 18

residual volume

Question 19

What capacity includes TV, IRV, and ERV?

Answer 19

vital capacity (VC)

Question 20

What is the total volume the lungs can hold?

Answer 20

total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 21

How is most oxygen transported in the blood?

Answer 21

bound to hemoglobin

Question 22

What small portion of oxygen is transported without hemoglobin?

Answer 22

dissolved in plasma

Question 23

What are the three main ways carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Answer 23

bicarbonate, bound to hemoglobin, dissolved in plasma

Question 24

What is the most common form of CO₂ transport in the blood?

Answer 24

as bicarbonate ion

Question 25

What is the equation that shows CO₂ becoming bicarbonate?

Answer 25

CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻

Question 26

What reaction helps buffer blood pH using bicarbonate?

Answer 26

H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ CO₂ + H₂O

Question 27

What three factors increase oxygen unloading in tissues?

Answer 27

low pH, high temperature, high CO₂

Question 28

What muscle protein stores oxygen in skeletal muscle?

Answer 28

myoglobin

Question 29

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 29

it contracts and flattens

Question 30

What happens to lung volume and pressure during inhalation?

Answer 30

volume increases, pressure decreases

Question 31

What causes air to fllow into the lungs?

Answer 31

lower pressure inside lungs (Boyle's Law)

Question 32

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

Answer 32

it relaxes and moves up

Question 33

Is inhalation active or passive at rest?

Answer 33

active

Question 34

Is normal exhalation active or passive?

Answer 34

passive