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Physiology > Chapter 13 - Heart & Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Heart & Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting ____, ____, and ____.

A

gases, nutrients, waste

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2
Q

The circulatory system regulates the body through ____ ____and _____.

A

hormonal regulation, thermoregulation

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3
Q

The circulatory system protects the body through _____ and _____.

A

immunity, clotting

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4
Q

The circulatory system is composed of the ____ ____ and the ____ ____.

A

cardiovascular system, lymphatic system

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5
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of _____, _____, and _____.

A

blood, blood vessels, heart

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6
Q

The lymphatic system consists of _____, _____, and _____.

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes

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7
Q

Blood is composed of _____ and ____ ____.

A

plasma, formed elements

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8
Q

Plasma accounts for ___% of blood volume.

A

55%

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9
Q

Plasma contains dissolved substances such as _____, _____, and _____.

A

ions, metabolites, proteins

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10
Q

The predominant plasma protein is _____, which makes up _____% of plasma proteins.

A

albumins, 55-60%

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11
Q

The three types of globulins are _____, _____, and _____.

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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12
Q

Fibrinogen is a precursor to _____ and accounts for __% of plasma proteins.

A

fibrin, 6%

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13
Q

The three main types of formed elements in blood are _____, _____, and _____.

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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14
Q

The hematocrit measures the ratio of ___ ___ ___ to whole blood.

A

red blood cells (rbc)

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15
Q

Erythrocytes account for __% of formed elements.

A

99%

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16
Q

Red blood cells lack _____ and _____.

A

nucleus, mitochondria

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17
Q

The lifespan of an erythrocyte is about _____.

A

120 days

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18
Q

Hemoglobin is composed of ___ polypeptide chains and ___ heme groups.

A

4, 4

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19
Q

Hemoglobin carries _____, ____ ____, and ____ ____.

A

oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen ions

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20
Q

Leukocytes are also known as ___ ___ ___.

A

white blood cells (wbc)

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21
Q

Leukocytes can leave the circulation via ______.

A

diapedesis

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22
Q

The two types of leukocytes are _____ and _____.

A

granular, agranular

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23
Q

The three types of granular leukocytes are _____, _____, and _____.

A

eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

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24
Q

_____ function to reduce inflammation and fight parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils

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25
_____ mediate the inflammatory response and release histamine.
Basophils
26
_____ are the first line of defense in bacterial infections and are also called _____.
Neutrophils, polymorphonucleocytes
27
The two types of agranular leukocytes are _____ and _____.
lymphocytes, monocytes
28
B-cells function by producing _____.
antibodies
29
_____ function by cell-mediated immune response.
T-cells
30
Monocytes become _____ once they leave the bloodstream.
macrophages
31
Another name for thrombocytes is _____.
platelets
32
Platelets are fragments of _____.
megakaryocytes
33
Platelets function in hemostasis by forming a ____ ____.
platelet plug
34
The production of blood cells is called _____.
hematopoiesis
35
_____ is the production of red blood cells (rbc).
Erythropoiesis
36
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by _____, which is released by the _____ and _____.
erythropoietin, kidneys, liver
37
_____ is the production of white blood cells (wbc).
Leukopoiesis
38
Platelet production is regulated by _____.
thrombopoietin
39
The universal donor blood type is __.
O
40
The universal recipient blood type is __.
AB
41
Mixing incompatible blood types causes _____.
agglutination
42
The presence of the D antigen determines whether a person is ____ ____.
Rh positive
43
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) can occur when an Rh _____ mother carries an Rh _____ baby.
negative, positive
44
The three stages of hemostasis are _____, ___ ___ ___, and ___ ___ ___.
vasospasm, platelet plug formation, fibrin clot formation
45
The platelet plug forms due to exposure to ____ ____.
collagen fibers
46
The conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is essential for ____ ____.
blood clotting
47
The heart has _____ chambers.
four
48
The right and left sides of the heart are separated by the _____.
septum
49
The two circuits of blood circulation are _____ and _____.
pulmonary, systemic
50
The pulmonary circuit pumps blood to the _____.
lungs
51
The systemic circuit pumps blood to the _____.
body
52
The two types of heart valves are _____ and _____.
atrioventricular, semilunar
53
The closing of the AV valve produces the ____ sound.
"lub"
54
The closing of the semilunar valves produces the ____ sound.
"dub"
55
The contraction phase of the heart is called _____.
systole
56
The relaxation phase of the heart is called _____.
diastole
57
The heart's electrical activity is coordinated by the ____ ____.
sinoatrial (SA) node
58
The ability of the heart to generate its own impulses is called _____.
automaticity
59
The pacemaker of the heart is the ____ ____.
SA node.
60
The three types of blood vessels are _____, _____, and _____.
arteries, veins, capillaries
61
Arteries function under ____ pressure, while veins function under ____ pressure.
high, low
62
The three main types of capillaries of _____, _____, and _____.
continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous
63
Veins may contain ___ ___ ___ to help with blood return.
one-way valves
64
The three primary functions of the lymphatic system are ____ ____, ____ ____, and _____.
parallel circulation, lipid transport, immunity.
65
The largest lymphatic organ is the _____.
spleen
66
_____ is the buildup of plaque on vessel walls.
Atherosclerosis
67
Atherosclerosis can lead to _____, _____, or ____ ____.
thrombi, occlusion, myocardial infarction
68
_____ is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Angina pectoris
69
A heart attack is also called a ____ ____.
myocardial infarction
70
_____ is an abnormally slow heart rate, while _____ is an abnormally fast heart rate.
Bradycardia, tachycardia
71
Normal blood pH is maintained between ____ and ____.
7.35, 7.45
72
The main blood buffer system involves the conversion of _____ and _____.
bicarbonate, carbonic acid
73
Respiratory acidosis results from excess _____.
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
74
Metabolic acidosis results from excess ____.
H+ (hydrogen)

Physiology (7 decks)

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